1. Monday, May 18, 2015 HOMEWORK: Evolution Vocab (Doc#1) due Tues 5/19 Read Newsday Article (Doc#5) and complete questions due Wed 5/20 OBJECTIVE: I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure DO NOW: Individually, complete Questions #6 & #7 of your Variation packet (Doc#3).

2. Question 6 Complete the questions. Which is true of adult bumblebees? Circle the best answer. a. Adult bumblebees are all exactly the same. b. Adult bumblebees are all very, very close to the same. c. Adult bumblebees differ from each other in many ways. d. Adult bumblebees are the same in most ways, but they differ in a very few ways.

3. Juncos are a kind of bird that is very common in New Jersey. There are probably many juncos living in your neighborhood. Here are photos of two:

4. Which is true of adult Junco birds found in central New Jersey? Circle the best answer. a. Adult junco birds are all exactly the same. b. Adult junco birds are all very, very close to the same. c. Adult junco birds differ from each other in many ways. d. Adult junco birds are the same in most ways, but they differ in a very few ways. Question 6

5. Closure Complete question 7 in the handout Individually answer this question. Is variation important? If so, why? If not, why not?

6. Variation How does variation affect survival? How does variation affect reproduction? I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

7. Example 1: Tadpoles and Dragonfly Larvae I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

8. Dragonfly larvae are the larvae stage of dragonflies. Here is the life cycle of dragonflies. Dragonfly larvae eat many things, including tadpoles. Dragonfly larvae I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

10. 12 pools, each with 10 tadpoles Scientists measured many traits of the tadpoles, including: – Body Width – Body Length – Tail Muscle Width – Color – Head Size Then the scientists released three dragonfly larvae into 8 of the pools. 4 of the pools did not have any dragonfly larvae (control). Experiment I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

11. Experimental set up = Dragonfly larva in the pond - Pond with 10 tadpoles 12 Pools were set up. Each with 10 tadpoles each Three dragonfly larva (predator) were released into 8 of the 12 pools overnight I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

12. Larvae in Pond Overnight I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

13. Predator Some tadpoles in each pond were eaten by the dragonfly larvae overnight I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

14. Tadpoles that survived versus tadpoles that got eaten? No predator pool Predator pool I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

15. The next morning, they measured all the same traits of the tadpoles again to see if the ones that survived were different from the ones that got killed. I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

16. Individually Answer Question #1 in Packet I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

17. Body Measurements Change in population average in pools with no predators overnight Change in population average in pools with predators overnight Body Width No changeLower Color No change Tail Muscle Width No changeHigher Head Size No change Body Length No change Results: What benefit this has to the tadpole population? I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

18. Differences that look small can be very important in survival. I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

19. Rabbit species in Australia A heat spell in Australia put a lot of stress on mammals, including rabbits. Many rabbits died. How might rabbits that survive differ from rabbits that died during the heat wave? I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

20. Do you see any differences between this rabbit that survived and this rabbit that died? What variations do you think contributed to the survival of the one rabbit and the death of the other? I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

21. Rabbit species in Australia The ears of rabbits that survived were slightly longer, on average. Large ears help rabbits get rid of heat from their bodies. In a heat spell, longer ears help rabbits stay cooler. Rabbits with longer ears can often survive better. I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

22. Differences that look small can be very important in survival. I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

24. A lek is an area where birds gather during the breeding season for community courtship displays to attract mates  Males:  The steps of the display “Strut” are the same in every male  Occur at dawn over a 3 month period  Females:  Visit a lek for 2-3 days before mating  Females choose a male to mate with I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

25. Click on the link to see a sage grouse display https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m0M8pZ nNlnI I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

26. Female Male What differences do you see between the two males? I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

27. Did you notice a difference in the two males? What was different about the male that the female picked? I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

28. Males that attended more leks and had a higher display rate mated with more females I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

30. Anoles I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

31. Anoles vary in their hind limb length. Most anoles leg length fall into the range of 14mm to 17mm I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

32. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sryHSgSWUVo I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

33. Does it matter whether the legs are 15 mm long versus 17 mm long? Why might it matter? I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

34. Anoles with longer hind limbs are able to run faster on trees with wide branches. Anoles with shorter hind limbs are able to run faster on trees with narrow branches. I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

35. 1.So in an area with trees with wide branches, which kind of anole has an advantage? 1.A: Anoles with longer hind limbs have a small advantage. They can run faster from predators on the trees. Helps with survival. 2.And in an area with trees with narrow branches, which kind of anole has an advantage? 1.A. Anoles with shorter hind limbs have a small advantage. They can run faster from predators on the trees, helps with survival. I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

36. Differences that look small can be very important in survival. I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

37. Grasshoppers I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

38. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8vquw_C dCQ I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

39. Experimental Setup 8 cages, each with 15 grasshoppers Scientists measured many traits of the grasshoppers, including: – Length – Weight – Leg Length, etc. Then the scientists released three praying mantids (predators) into each cage overnight They collected all the grasshoppers that survived and measured them again I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

40. - Cages with 15 Grasshoppers each They measured all the traits of all the Grasshoppers. Experimental Setup I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

41. - Cages with 15 Grasshoppers each They measured all the traits of all the Grasshoppers. Experimental Setup A single dragonfly larva (predator) was released into the 8 ponds. - Praying Mantis in cage I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

42. Cages overnight I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

43. Not all Grasshoppers survive I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

44. Individually Answer Question #2 in Packet Share answers I will be able to explain what a variation is and its affects on a species by discussion the idea of selection pressure

45. Percentages of Nitrogen Bases in the DNA of Various Organisms Percentage of Nitrogen Base 30 27 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 Organism HumanWheatE. Coli Bacterium AdenineThymine GuanineCytosine Key 30% 20% 27% 23% 24% 26%

46. Percentages of Nitrogen Bases in the DNA of Various Organisms Percentage of Nitrogen Base 30 27 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 Nitrogen Base AdenineGuanineThymineCytosine HumanWheat E. Coli Bacterium Key 30% 20% 27% 23% 24% 26%