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Canadian & World Issues www.CraigMarlatt.com/school
Geopolitics Canadian & World Issues
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“A Key Study in Geography”
Politics: The practice of decision-making by society as a whole, usually formalized at the government level. Political topics concerned with Geography: Trade military alliances foreign aid Immigration / emigration territorial control economic systems areas of land suitable to support society and distribution of wealth
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“A Key Study in Geography”
Examples of how Politics and Geography are related: Geographical factors can cause political changes e.g. When Switzerland restricts immigration because it, as a nation, already has a high enough population. Political factors can cause Geographical changes e.g. An increase in oil prices has led to an expanded search for oil in the Arctic and North sea, thus causing Geographical changes.
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“A Key Study in Geography”
Geopolitics: The study of the two-way relationship between political beliefs and actions on one side and any of the usual concerns of geography on the other. “the influence of geography on the political character of states, their history, institutions, and especially relations with other states.” Religion, Culture, Technology, Nationalism, War and Conflict, oil.
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Classification of Political Systems
Supranational Political Systems National Political Systems Other Ways of Classifying Governments: Governments by Mode of Succession Governments by Type of Rule Governments by Structure Levels of Government Branches of Government
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Supranational Political Systems
Empires e.g. British, Roman, and Ottoman a major political unit having a territory of great extent or a number of territories or peoples under a single sovereign authority
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Supranational Political Systems
Leagues e.g. Baltic, Arab; also League of Nations an association of nations or other political entities for a common purpose
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Supranational Political Systems
Confederations e.g. European Union is a large state composed of many self-governing regions has a very weak central government with little influence over the actions or policies of the member regions
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Supranational Political Systems
Federations e.g. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics formed by a compact between political units that surrender their individual sovereignty to a central authority but retain limited residuary powers of government
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Supranational Political Systems
United Nations voluntary association of most of the world's nation-states not a world government and it does not make laws
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National Political Systems
Unitary Nation-States e.g. Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Great Britain, The Netherlands, Japan, Poland, Romania, the Scandinavian countries, Spain, and many of the Latin-American and African countries basically a single tier of government with varying degrees decentralization - some are decentralized so much as to resemble federal states, some allow limited regional rule, others have only token decentralization
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National Political Systems
Federal Systems e.g. Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Russia, and the United States, Austria, Germany, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Switzerland, and Venezuela political authority is divided between two autonomous sets of governments, one national and the other sub-national, both of which operate directly upon the people
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World Governments in 1900
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World Governments in 1950
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World Governments in 2000
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World Governments in 2050 ?!?!?
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Canada and the European Union
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Canada and the European Union
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Canada and the European Union
Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Croatia Macedonia Turkey
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Canada and the European Union
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Canada and the European Union
Other European Countries (non EU members) Albania Andorra Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Georgia Iceland Liechtenstein Moldova Monaco Montenegro Norway Russia San Marino Serbia Switzerland Ukraine Vatican City State
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Canada and the European Union
Government Leader The Rt. Hon. Stephen Harper H.E. José Manuel Barroso Government Type Parliamentary Democracy Supranational Union Formation July 1, 1867 May 9, 1950 Population 33 million 495 million
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Canada and the European Union
Area sq km sq km Divisions 10 provinces, 3 territories 27 countries Capital Ottawa, Ontario Brussels, Belgium Gross Domestic Product $1.1 trillion US $13.4 trillion US
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Canada and the European Union
EU Council President Rotation Current Head of Government of country identified assumes additional duties of President of EU for term 2007 Jan-Jun Germany 2007 Jul-Dec Portugal 2008 Jan-Jun Slovenia 2008 Jul-Dec France 2009 Jan-Jun Czech Republic 2009 Jul-Dec Sweden 2010 Jan-Jun Spain 2010 Jul-Dec Belgium
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Canada and the European Union
15 countries use the Euro as their currency: Austria Belgium Cyprus Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Portugal Slovenia Spain
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Canada and the European Union
EU Currency (Bills) Multi-coloured Archways and Bridges NOT specific sites (i.e. not country-specific) € 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 denominations
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Canada and the European Union
Canadian Currency (Bills) Multi-coloured Prime Ministers (& Queen) and “themes” $5 Laurier Children at Play $10 Macdonald Remembrance and Peackeeping $20 Elizabeth II Arts and Culture $50 King Nation Building $100 Borden Exploration and Innovation
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Canada and the European Union
EU Coins Uniform front, national back All coins are valid in all countries 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 cent pieces plus €1 and €2 coins
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Canada and the European Union
Canadian Coins Maple leaf, beaver, bluenose, moose, coat of arms, loonie, and polar bear are regular images on front, Queen on back 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cent coins plus $1 and $2 coins
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Sharing Spaces Nile River Basin
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Sharing Spaces Antarctica
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Sharing Spaces The Arctic
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Sharing Spaces Grand Banks of Newfoundland
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Sharing Spaces Indian Ocean
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