1. Westward Expansion &The Market Revolution

2. Movement Westward Increased Westward movement following War of 1812
Louisiana Purchase open to settlement
Soldiers had been offered land incentives for enlistment
Indian tribes were now vulnerable to settlers
British/Spanish had attempted to protect Western Indians
Indian tribes will be repeatedly pushed further West and on to reservations
By /3 American population between Appalachian mountains and Mississippi river
Western settlers will develop a unique society
Eastern society rejected by Western values
Provided a safety valve for democracy (F.J. Turner)

3. Movement Westward
Federal government reduces the price of Western lands
Agricultural Boom
Increased European demand for American food crops
American prices increase rapidly
Increases settlement near transportation corridors
Demand for cotton increases Southern expansion
Beginning of the Cotton Kingdom
England’s industrial revolution increases demand
Eli Whitney’s cotton gin increases profitability
Unintended consequences
Prevents the disappearance of slavery
Slavery becomes deeply entrenched in Southern economy

4. Movement Westward Transportation Revolution
Facilitated Westward movement
Steamboats
Drastically decreased time to market and price of river transportation
Made the development of canals feasible
Canals
Golden age of canals
Erie Canal 1825
Railroads
1830’s on replace canals
Will revolutionize transportation in the next two decades

5. Market Economy
Shift from an exchange and subsistence economy to one controlled by market pressures
Shift in farming
Many farmers abandon subsistence farming
Farmers favor cash crops
Prices vary wildly and determined by the market
Many farmers borrow money to sustain themselves during short term difficulties
Additional cash in the economy and specialization of farming methods encouraged industrialization

6. Market Economy Rise of industrialization
Mass production will replace hand produced goods
Causes of Industrialization
American industry developed in isolation
Embargo Act
Protective tariffs
Revolutions in agriculture/transportation allowed Western markets to purchase mass produced goods
Immigration
British immigrants stole technology from English mills
Other immigrant groups would supply a labor force
Abundant raw materials

7. Market Economy Lowell and Waltham
Radically change the ideas of industry in America
Massachusetts textile mills
Workers were primarily young girls
Supplement farm economy
Dramatically increase independence
Women lived on sight
Created reliable labor force
Harsh work environment
Long hours
Difficult conditions
Low wages
Provided a model for future industrial growth

8. Market Economy Rise of the Cities (factors)
Most rapid urbanization in American history
Transportation networks
Immigration
Industrialization
Class Conflict
Industrialization created a growing disparity between rich and poor
Industrial workers made up a visible lower class
Independent farmers and artisans struggled to maintain the “middling classes”
Many disappeared into the lowest classes
Increasing emphasis on individualism