1. The Third European Survey on Working Conditions Carried out in the 15 member nations in 2000 Carried out in the 15 member nations in 2000 Around 1500 workers were interviewed in each country giving a total of 21,703 Around 1500 workers were interviewed in each country giving a total of 21,703 The survey covers the active population, i.e. persons at the time of the interview were either salaried employees or self- employed The survey covers the active population, i.e. persons at the time of the interview were either salaried employees or self- employed

2. Sample design The sample design is a multi-stage random sampling, called ‘random walk’. The sample design is a multi-stage random sampling, called ‘random walk’. The identification of sampling points is based on the Eurostat territorial breakdown for each country (NUTS II) and population density. The identification of sampling points is based on the Eurostat territorial breakdown for each country (NUTS II) and population density. The selected sample is weighted so that the sample is identical to the target population according to six variables: region, city size, gender, age, sector of activity and occupational category The selected sample is weighted so that the sample is identical to the target population according to six variables: region, city size, gender, age, sector of activity and occupational category

3. Response rate

4. Structure of the questionnaire The questionnaire is divided into 8 basic sections The questionnaire is divided into 8 basic sections Section 1: Background information on the interviewee and his place of work (nationality, age, size of firm, sector of activity, etc.) Section 1: Background information on the interviewee and his place of work (nationality, age, size of firm, sector of activity, etc.) Section 2: Physical environment (basically designed to capture factors affecting health, safety and stress at work) Section 2: Physical environment (basically designed to capture factors affecting health, safety and stress at work) Section 3: Time (measures factors related to working time) Section 3: Time (measures factors related to working time)

5. Structure of the questionnaire Section 4: Organisational environment: captures work organisation (e.g. learning, problem-solving, complexity, repetition, team organisation, quality standards, etc. Section 4: Organisational environment: captures work organisation (e.g. learning, problem-solving, complexity, repetition, team organisation, quality standards, etc. Section 5: Social environment: mainly focuses on forms of communication and assistance received at work Section 5: Social environment: mainly focuses on forms of communication and assistance received at work

6. Structure of the questionnaire Section 6: Outcomes in terms of health, safety and job satisfaction Section 6: Outcomes in terms of health, safety and job satisfaction Section 7: Demographics: marital status, gender, structure of household Section 7: Demographics: marital status, gender, structure of household Section 8: Mainly information on payment system and level of earnings Section 8: Mainly information on payment system and level of earnings

7. Comparison of organisational modes for the EU-15 Lorenz and Valeyre (2005, 2006) Lorenz and Valeyre (2005, 2006) Lorenz, Lundvall and Valeyre (2006) Lorenz, Lundvall and Valeyre (2006) Arundel, Lorenz, Lundvall and Valeyre (2006) Arundel, Lorenz, Lundvall and Valeyre (2006)

8. Field of study Salaried employees working : Salaried employees working : in establishments with at least 10 persons in establishments with at least 10 persons in both manufacturing and services in both manufacturing and services Total population studied : 8 081 persons Total population studied : 8 081 persons Draws primarily on Section 4: Organisational environment Draws primarily on Section 4: Organisational environment

9. Table 1 Organisational Variables Percent of employees Team work64,2 Job rotation48,9 Responsibility for quality control72,6 Quality norms74,4 Problem solving activities79,3 Learning new things in work71,4 Complexity of tasks56,7 Discretion in fixing work methods61,7 Discretion in setting work pace63,6 Task monotony42,4 Task Repetitiveness24,9 Horizontal constraints on work pace53,1 Hierarchical constraints on work pace38,9 Norm-based constraints on work pace38,7 Automatic constraints on work pace26,7 Source: Third Working Condition survey. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions

10. A visual display of the first two factors of MCA analysis Team: team work Rot: job rotation Mono: task monotony Rep: task repetiveness Caut: automatic constraints on work pace Cnorm: quantitative norm constraints on work pace Chier: hierarchical constraints on work pace Chor: horizontal constraints on work pace

11. Summary of results for the 4-cluster solution (percent of employees in each cluster) Discretionary learning organisation Lean production TaylorismSimple organisation All Autonomy fixing work methods89,151,817,746,561,7 Autonomy setting work rate87,552,227,352,763,6 Learning new things in work93,981,742,029,771,4 Problem solving activities95,498,05,768,779,3 Complexity of tasks79,864,723,819,256,7 Responsibility for quality control86,488,746,738,972,6 Quality norms78,194,081,136,174,4 Team work64,384,270,133,464,2 Job rotation44,070,553,227,548,9 Monotony of tasks19,565,865,643,942,4 Repetitiveness of tasks12,841,937,119,224,9 Horizontal constraints on work rate43,680,366,127,853,1 Hierarchical constraints on work rate19,664,466,526,738,9 Norm-based constraints on work rate21,275,556,314,738,7 Automatic constraints on work rate5,459,856,97,226,7 Source : Third Working Condition survey. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions

12. Differences in forms of work organisation by sectors, establishment sizes and occupations ‘Discretionary learning’ forms of work organisation: ‘Discretionary learning’ forms of work organisation: financial and business services; electricity, gas and water financial and business services; electricity, gas and water managers; other executives; technicians managers; other executives; technicians ‘Lean’ forms of work organisation: ‘Lean’ forms of work organisation: manufacturing: vehicles; electrical end electronics; wood and paper manufacturing: vehicles; electrical end electronics; wood and paper blue collars blue collars increasing with the size increasing with the size ‘Taylorist’ forms of work organisation: ‘Taylorist’ forms of work organisation: manufacturing: textile, garments and leather; food processing; wood and paper; vehicles manufacturing: textile, garments and leather; food processing; wood and paper; vehicles machine operators and assemblers; unskilled workers machine operators and assemblers; unskilled workers increasing with the size increasing with the size ‘Simple structure’ or ‘traditional’ forms of work organisation: ‘Simple structure’ or ‘traditional’ forms of work organisation: services: land transport; personal services; trade services: land transport; personal services; trade sales and service staff; unskilled workers sales and service staff; unskilled workers decreasing with the size decreasing with the size

13. Table 3 Forms of Work Organisation by Sector of Activity (percent of employees by organisational class) Discretionary learning model Lean productionTaylorismSimple organisation Mining and quarrying 42,441,53,412,7 Food processing 18,434,924,622,1 Textiles, garments, leather products 27,225,930,216,8 Wood and paper products 27,640,723,97,8 Publishing and printing 31,143,814,111,0 Chemicals and plastics 34,734,121,99,2 Metal products and mechanical engineering 31,835,719,812,7 Electrical engineering and electronics 41,538,58,611,4 Transport Equipment 28,138,723,210,0 Other industrial production 50,922,118,48,5 Electricity, gas and water 58,519,46,215,8 Construction 40,931,410,617,1 Wholesale and retail trade 41,520,411,726,4 Hotels and restaurants 29,725,816,627,9 Land transport 26,324,010,239,5 Other transport 39,236,15,019,7 Post and telecommunications 38,127,17,727,1 Financial services 58,121,53,416,9 Business services 57,618,76,916,7 Personal services 39,718,97,633,8 Total 39,128,213,619,1 Source: Third Working Condition survey. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions

14. Table 4 Forms of Work Organisation according to Occupational Category (percent of employees by organisational class) Discretionary learning model Lean production TaylorismSimple organisation Managers69,124,70,26,0 Engineers and professionals 75,914,05,24,9 Technicians61,024,62,412,0 Clerks43,221,99,425,5 Service and shop and market sales persons 30,321,412,435,9 Craft and related trades 34,238,516,510,8 Machine operators and assemblers 15,737,724,322,3 Unskilled trades14,823,926,734,5 Total39,128,213,619,1 Source: Third Working Condition survey. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions

15. Table 5 National Differences in Organisational Learning Modes (percent of employees by organisational class) Discretionary learning organisation Lean productionTaylorist organisation Simple organisation Belgium38,925,113,922,1 Denmark60,021,96,811,3 Germany44,319,614,321,9 Greece18,725,628,027,7 Italy30,023,620,925,4 Spain20,138,818,522,5 France38,033,311,117,7 Ireland24,037,820,717,6 Luxembourg42,825,411,920,0 Netherlands64,017,25,313,5 Portugal26,128,123,022,8 United Kingdom34,840,610,913,7 Finland47,827,612,512,1 Sweden52,618,57,121,7 Austria47,521,513,118,0 EU-1539,128,213,619,1 Source : Third Working Condition survey. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions

16. Forms of work organisation across European nations ‘Learning’ forms of work organisation: ‘Learning’ forms of work organisation: + : Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden + : Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden - : Southern countries and Ireland - : Southern countries and Ireland ‘Lean’ forms of work organisation: ‘Lean’ forms of work organisation: + : UK, Ireland, Spain and France + : UK, Ireland, Spain and France - : Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Germany and Austria - : Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Germany and Austria ‘Taylorist’ forms of work organisation: ‘Taylorist’ forms of work organisation: + : Southern countries and Ireland + : Southern countries and Ireland - : Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden - : Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden ‘Simple’ forms of work organisation: ‘Simple’ forms of work organisation: + : Southern countries + : Southern countries - : Netherlands, Denmark, Finland and UK - : Netherlands, Denmark, Finland and UK

17. Table 8 Logit Estimates of National Effects on the Use of Work Organisation Forms Logit estimates without structural controlsLogit estimates with structural controls LearningLeanTaylorismSimpleLearningLeanTaylorismSimple Belgium-0,220,32-0,030,01-0,230,42*-0,11-0,09 Denmark0,63**0,14-0,82**-0,79**0,79**0,29-0,86**-1,06** Germany Greece-1,24**0,350,85**0,31-1,33**0,420,84**0,12 Italy-0,61**0,24*0,46**0,20*-0,51**0,200,33**0,16 Spain-1,15**0,96**0,31*0,04-1,15**1,08**0,06-0,17 France-0,26**0,72**-0,29*-0,27**-0,32**0,84**-0,33**-0,38** Irlande-0,92**0,91**0,45-0,27-1,11**1,14**0,47-0,50 Luxembourg-0,060,33-0,21-0,11-0,170,420,00-0,20 Netherlands0,81**-0,16-1,10**-0,59**0,79**0,02-0,94**-0,74** Portugal-0,81**0,47**0,58**0,05-0,78**0,51**0,44*-0,01 UK-0,40**1,03**-0,31**-0,56**-0,68**1,32**-0,24*-0,72** Finland0,140,45*-0,15-0,71*-0,010,63**-0,07-0,78* Sweden0,33*-0,07-0,77**-0,010,220,06-0,68*0,00 Austria0,130,12-0,10-0,240,330,14-0,26-0,43* * : significant at 5% ** : significant at 1% Reference country : Germany Source : Third European Survey of Working Conditions. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.

18. Figure 2 Figure 3 Exploring the links between organisational modes and innovative performance

19. Figure 6

20. The relation between organisational modes and institutional context