1. “Bonaparte,” 1798 Jacques Louis David FIRST CONSUL “Bonaparte,” 1798 Jacques Louis David FIRST CONSUL

2. Europe in 1800

3. Haitian Independence, 1792-1804 Toussaint L’Ouverture

4. Louisiana Purchase, 1803 $15,000,000

5. “Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the Empress Josephine,” 1806 by David December 2, 1804

6. “Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the Empress Josephine,” 1806 by David “Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the Empress Josephine,” 1806 by David

7. Napoléon’s Throne

8. The Imperial Image

9. The “Empire” Style Madame Recamier by David, 1808

10. Napoleonic Europe

11. Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns Trafalgar (Lord Nelson: Fr. Navy lost!)  BritainFrance  1805: Sea Power

12. Battle of Trafalgar

13. “Crossing the Alps,” 1805 Paul Delaroche “Crossing the Alps,” 1805 Paul Delaroche

14. Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns  Britain Austria Russia (3 rd Coalition) France  1805: -Danube -Italy eULM: France defeated Austria. eAUSTERLITZ: France defeated Austria & Russia. eULM: France defeated Austria. eAUSTERLITZ: France defeated Austria & Russia. Crowned “King of Italy” on May 6, 1805

15. Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns JENA: French Troops in Berlin! BERLIN DECREES (“Continental System”)  Prussia France  1806: Confed. of the Rhine 4th Coalition created

16. British Cartoon “Continental System” (1806-1812)

17. Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns Grand Duchy of Warsaw FRIEDLAND: France defeated Russian troops : France occupied Konigsberg, capital of East Prussia!  Russia France  1806: Poland

18. “Napoléon on His Imperial Throne” 1806 By Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres “Napoléon on His Imperial Throne” 1806 By Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres

19. Marie Louise (of Austria) married Napoléon on March 12, 1810 in Vienna

20. Marie Louise (of Austria) with Napoléon’s Son (Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles: 1811-1832) Marie Louise (of Austria) with Napoléon’s Son (Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles: 1811-1832)

21. Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810 ePortugal did not comply with the Continental System. eFrance wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal. eSpain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well!  Spain Portugal France  1806: Continental System

22. The Surrender of Madrid May, 1809

23. “Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)

24. “Napoléon in His Study” 1812 by David “Napoléon in His Study” 1812 by David

25. Napoléon’s Empire in 1810

26. Napoléon’s Family Rules! eJerome Bonaparte  King of Westphalia. eJoseph Bonaparte  King of Spain eLouise Bonaparte  King of Holland ePauline Bonaparte  Princess of Italy eNapoléon Francis Joseph Charles (son)  King of Rome eElisa Bonaparte  Grand Duchess of Tuscany eCaroline Bonaparte  Queen of Naples

27. Napoléon Invades Russia: 1812 614,000 French troops

28. Moscow on Fire!

29. Napoléon & His Grand Armée at the Gates of Moscow

30. Russian General Kutuzov The Russian army defeated the French at Borodino.

31. Napoléon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813) 100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!

32. The 6 th Coalition  Britain, Russia. Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states France  1813-1814: Napoléon’s Defeat

33. Battle of Dresden (Aug., 26-27, 1813) eCoalition  Russians, Prussians, Austrians. eNapoléon’s forces regrouped with Polish reinforcements. e100,000 coalition casualties; 30,000 French casualties. eFrench victory. eCoalition  Russians, Prussians, Austrians. eNapoléon’s forces regrouped with Polish reinforcements. e100,000 coalition casualties; 30,000 French casualties. eFrench victory.

34. Napoléon’s Defeat at Leipzig (October 16-17, 1813) “Battle of the Nations” Memorial

35. Napoléon Abdicates! eAllied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814. eNapoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender. eNapoléon abdicated again on April 11. eTreaty of Fontainbleau  exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. eThe royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne. eAllied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814. eNapoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender. eNapoléon abdicated again on April 11. eTreaty of Fontainbleau  exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. eThe royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.

36. Napoléon in Exile on Elba

37. Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)

38. “The War of the 7 th Coalition”  Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states France  1815: Napoleon’s “100 Days” eNapoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815  the beginning of his 100 Days. eMarie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians. eNapoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815  the beginning of his 100 Days. eMarie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

39. The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815) eIt’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done: VReduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level. VRestore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era. eSupported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict. eIt’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done: VReduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level. VRestore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era. eSupported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.

40. Key Players at Vienna The “Host” Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.) Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.) Tsar Alexander I (Rus.) King Frederick William III (Prus.) Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)

41. Key Principles Established at Vienna VBalance of Power VLegitimacy VCompensation VBalance of Power VLegitimacy VCompensation eCoalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years. eFrance would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs. eCoalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years. eFrance would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.

42. Napoléon’s Defeat at Waterloo (June 18, 1815) Duke of Wellington Prus. General Blücher

43. Napoléon on His Way to His Final Exile on St. Helena

44. VFrance was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon. VRussia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland). VPrussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories. VA Germanic Confederation of 39 states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule. VAustria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy. VThe House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule. Changes Made at Vienna (1)

45. Changes Made at Vienna (2) VNorway and Sweden were joined. VThe neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed. VHanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom. VBritain was given Cape Colony, South Africa, and various other colonies in Africa and Asia. VSardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and Genoa. VThe Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the Two Sicilies. VThe Duchy of Parma was given to Marie Louise. VThe slave trade was condemned (at British urging). VFreedom of navigation was guaranteed for many rivers.

46. Europe After the Congress of Vienna

47. Napoléon’s Tomb

48. What is Napoléon’s Legacy?