2.  Between 1919-1940 › All European countries except G.B., France, Sweden, and Finland adopted some form of dictatorial government  Totalitarian States › Control all aspects of their citizens’ lives › Use of propaganda and modern communication to achieve this goal

3.  Totalitarian regimes › Single leaders › Single parties › No individual freedoms › Unlimited government powers

4.  Fascism › System of government marked by central authority under a dictator › Suppression of opposition › Glorifies the state over the individual  Mussolini › Established the first Fascist govt. in Europe › Italy feared a communist takeover

5.  Mussolini cont. › He formed a group of fascists called the Blackshirts  They attacked socialist and anyone who opposed the Fascists › He appealed to national pride and forced the king to make him the Prime Minister  Mussolini and Fascist dictatorship › Secret Police  Could arrest anyone  Main job was to control the people

6.  Fascist Control › Mass Media and the use of propaganda › Youth: focused on using the youth for military activities › Traditions: maintained traditional values in Italy  Mussolini was unable to gain full control over Italy › He still recognized the Vatican › Italian Life – larges gap between fascist policies and actual practice

7.  1922 – The Communist create the USSR › Union of Soviet Socialists Republic › Lenin is still in control of the communist  1924 - Lenin dies trying to control the Politburo › The committee that controlled the politics of the communist party › Lenin’s death led to a struggle for power in the USSR

8.  Trotsky v. Stalin for power in the USSR  Trotsky › Wanted to industrialized the nation at the expense of the peasants › Wanted to spread communism world wide  Stalin › Did not want to industrialize quickly › Used his position as general secretary to gain control of the Communist Party

9.  Stalin’s Five Year Plan › Set the economic goals for a 5 year period › It emphasized industrialization slowly over five years and the production of capital goods  The 5 Year plan took a heavy toll on the Russian people › Housing was terrible › Wages were bad › They were dealt with by using propaganda to boost moral

10.  Collectivism › System of govt. that took control of private farms and had peasants work on them › Peasants revolt by killing livestock and hoarding food › Stalin's response: He added more farms  Millions of Russians died from Collectivism › Whoever resisted Stalin was sent to Siberian Labor camps › Stalin also overturned social legislation taking away women’s rights