1. The transition towards a sustainable PPP regime Geert Dewulf Ashwin Mahalingam Stephan Jooste

2. Why PPP: global motives Context: Changing Political, social and economical context Rationale: Governance: – New public management (Broadbent, Hood,..): output, efficiency, performance – New Governance (e.g. Salamon): collaboration, engagement Finance: Decreasing government budgets

3. How is PPP emerging? Understand ‘Best Practices’ – E.g. PFI ‘Copy Paste’ and develop standardized templates Different pathways

4. Different PPP pathways UK and Victoria (Australia): exponential growth Netherlands: incremental approach BC: linear pattern Austria: stopped after successful pilot Similar structures, different pathways!

5. What Does Theory Say? Institutions matter Institutional change is slow, can lead to Bricolage Actors shape institutions and vice versa – Structuration (Giddens, 1977) The path as well as the final configuration is likely to be different (Jooste et al, 2010)

6. The emergence of a PPP enabling field

7. Methodology method 9 case studies Interviews with key stakeholders Secondary data Framework Rationale Landscape Regime: Regulative supports Key actors (markets, govt) Formal schemes Capacity Building initiatives

8. PPP enabling fields GujaratKarnatakaS.AfricaUKNetherlands RationaleEfficiency Efficiency, Cost effectiveness, Preferred Procurement Value for Money but focus on Money Value for Money Shift towards more focus on money Regulative SupportsGID ActPolicyPFMA, MFMAPolicy Key Govt ActorsGIDB Infrastructure Dept, PPP cell, KUIDFC PPP Unit Partnerships UK ; 4Ps; Treasury PPP Unit Line Departments Schemes Model Concession Agreement, 2 stage procurement process Model concession agreements, 2 stage procurement process, tender act Four approval steps in project development, 2 stage procurement 2 stage procurement process Capacity Building initiativesTraining programs Training, and publication of guidance notes Information sessions, guidelines, Unit supporting procurement Information session, workshops, open debates

9. Conclusion SNM: learning from pilots Barriers and drivers for sustainable PPP policy: – (uncertain) Policies – Absence of flow of projects – Regime shift and stability – Supportive mechanisms – Changes at landscape level are slow

10. Thank you!