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Published byClara Daniels Modified over 9 years ago
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THE ROAD TO CIVIL WAR CHAPTER 18/19
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1848 election Dem-Gen. Lewis Cass Whigs-Taylor (Fillmore as VP) Free Soil—Van Buren “free soil, free speech, free labor, free men”
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KEY ISSUE--SLAVERY ABOLITION? Compare slaves to wage earners Free Soil party Missouri Compromise Popular Sovereignty—
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3 Great Leaders Clay—”Great Pacificator” Calhoun-”Great Nullifier” Webster—Pro-Union til the end
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William Seward NY Senator No concession on slavery “higher law than Constitution” Immorality of slavery New conscience of north
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The problem of California 1849-gold rush Need a constitution & statehood Lawlessness abounds Southern worries California? New Mexico & Utah? Loss of slaves from Underground RR.
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North vs. South North Doesn’t want secession South Controls Presidency, Senate, Supr. Ct Need a compromise Daniel Webster’s “Seventh of March Speech” Compromise at all costs
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Compromise of 1850
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NORTH California—free Abolish slave trade in Washington D.C. Disputed territory to New Mexico SOUTH Texas gets $10 mil from Fed. Gov’t New Mex & Utah use popular sovereignty Fugitive Slave Law Get to go to the North to take back runaways
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PRESIDENT TAYLOR Dislikes Compromise But, dies in office Fillmore takes over Ok to Compromise of 1850 “Compromise Saves Union” Results of Compromise:
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Election of 1852 √ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil
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1852 ELECTION Pierce-Dem Pro-Slavery Northerner Scott-Whigs Pro-Fugitive Slave Law Ends Whig Party
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PIERCE AS PRESIDENT Expansionist 1-easy route to California—use Nicaragua William Walker Result: Clayton-Bulwer Treaty with Brit. 2-Japan Commodore Perry 1854 treaty for trade rights
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PIERCE CONTINUED 3-Gadsen purchase 1852 Southern-New Mexico & Arizona Near Gila River $10 mill to Mexico Needed for transcontinental rr Cuba Ostend Manifesto Cuba as the next slave state?
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Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. 2 million in a decade!
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KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
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Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 Use popular sovereignty Need territory organized to get Transcontinental RR built Act-proposed by Stephen Douglass Senator from ILL Benefits ILL—Chicago is Eastern port for RR Needs Southern voters to pass this Act Southerners want slavery here
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Reaction to K-N Act Abolishes Missouri Compromise Republican Party develops Northern Whigs Northern Democrats Free Soilers Know-Nothings Kansas Bleeds
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“Bleeding Kansas”
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“The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC)
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John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20c)
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1856 Election James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig/Know Nothing
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Election of 1856 Results
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Dred Scott v. Sanford 1857
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The Problems in Kansas 1857 1- 1855 Territorial legislature elected 1 st -anti-slavery 2 nd pro-slavery Which territorial gov’t is the right one? NEED A COMPROMISE?? 2-Le Compton Constitution 1857 Vote for the Kansas Constitution with slavery or without slavery If no slavery, Kansas slave owners can keep slaves in Kansas President Buchanon—agree! Stephen Douglass-LeCompton is undemocratic
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1857 Economic Panic Reasons 1-increased gold from Calif—inflation 2-increased speculation on land & RR 3-Crimean War in Europe—increases demand for grain—increase Supply Decreased price South—”Cotton is King”
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Lincoln-Douglass Debates 1858 for Illinois Senate A House divided against itself, cannot stand~Abe Lincoln Freeport Doctrine~S. Douglass
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John Brown @Harper’s Ferry
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Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen Douglas Northern Democrat John Breckenridge Southern Democrat
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Republican Platform No extension of slavery (free soilers) Protective Tariff (industrialists) Gov’t $ to build RR (NW) Internal improvements with Federal $ (W) Free homesteads for farmers No abridgement of rights for immigrants
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Other 3 Candidates & their issues Douglass Pro-Popular Sov & anti-Fugitive Breckenridge Annex Cuba Pro-extension of slavery Bell Compromise Union needs to stay together
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1860 Election—A nation coming apart!
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Election Results
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