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Published byRegina Sullivan Modified over 9 years ago
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Solutions
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Key Terms A mixture that is the same throughout A mixture that is not the same throughout Another name for a homogenous mixture A mixture in which the particles spontaneously separate over time Homogenous Mixture Suspension Solution Heterogeneous Mixture
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More Key Terms In a solution, the substance that dissolves the other substance In a solution, the substance that is dissolved Most common solvent Solutions in which water is the solvent Solvent Solute Water Aqueous
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Solutions Examples Solid-solidSolid-liquidLiquid-liquidGas-liquidGas-gasGas-solid Alloys, ex: brass (Zn and Cu) Water and ethanol Sugar and water Carbon dioxide and water The air we breathe Air trapped in ice
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A few more Key Terms A stable heterogeneous mixture. It is made up of tiny particles, that are too big to make it a solution, but too small to separate. Most have a _________ that keeps them from making bigger particles that would settle out. Example: Colloid Charge Milk
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Comparing the Mixture Types Particle Size? See Through? Settle Out? Tyndall Effect? Solutions Suspensions Colloids Small Large Medium Yes No Yes No Tyndall Effect – the phenomenon in which light is scattered by very small particles in its path.
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Separates liquids from solids that have settled Separates substances of different densities. Separates solids from liquids using heat Ways to Separate Mixtures Decanting Centrifuge Evaporation
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Separates solids from liquids using a special paper. Separates liquids from liquids that have different boiling points Separates components of a mixture by using a mobile phase and a solid phase. Ways to Separate Mixtures Distillation Filtration Chromatography
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Concentration Equations Molarity –Moles solute per liter solution Molality –Moles solute per kg solvent Parts per million –g solute per 1,000,000 g solution
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How to solve Molarity (M=mol/L) –Determine moles of solute –Divide by volume in Liters of solution Or –M 1 x V 1 = M 2 x V 2 (if a Dilution Problems) Molality (m=mol/kg) –Determine moles of solute –Divide by mass of solvent in kg Parts per Million (ppm = mass/mass x 1000000) –Divide mass of solute by mass of solvent (both in grams) –Multiply by 1,000,000
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Examples - Molarity 5.85 grams of NaCl are added to enough water to make 500 mL of solution. What is the molarity of the solution? You want to make 250 mL of a 0.20 M solution of KNO 3. How many grams would you need? You need to make 500 mL of 3.0 M HCl. How much 12.0 M HCl would you need?
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Examples – Molality and Parts per Million 30.0 grams of zinc is dissolved into 440 grams of gold. What is its molality? Helium gas, 3.0 x 10 -4 g, is dissolved in 200.0 g of water. Express this concentration in parts per million.
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Homework Page 489 – 37, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 51
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