1. Properties of Matter matter – ___________________________________ ___________________________________________ – everything all around us is matter – matter with a uniform & unchanging composition is called a ___________________ 1

2. Properties of Matter _______________________________________ – the physical forms of matter that occur naturally on Earth three main states of matter ________________ 2

3. States of Matter solid – _____________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ – particles are tightly packed – expand slightly when heated – incompressible (can not be pressed into a smaller volume) Figure 3.2 – Pg. 71 3

4. States of Matter liquid – ____________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ – particles are not rigidly held in place, are less closely packed together, and are able to move past each other – volume is constant – expand when heated – virtually incompressible Figure 3.3 – Pg. 71 4

5. States of Matter gas – ______________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ – particles are far apart – easily compressed ______________________ – the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or a liquid at room temperature Figure 3.4 – Pg. 72 5

6. States of Matter 6

7. Properties of Matter think of how you would describe another person to someone who has never met them before you are describing physical properties ___________________________________________ – a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition examples: odor, color, volume, hardness, state of matter, density, melting point, boiling point 7

8. Properties of Matter Table 3.1 – Pg. 73 8

9. Properties of Matter two types of physical properties ___________________________________________ – are dependent on the amount of substance present (mass, length, volume) ___________________________________________ – are independent of the amount of substance present (density is always the same) substances can be identified by their intensive properties 9

10. Properties of Matter the ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances is called a ___________________________________________ examples: iron’s ability to form rust, copper’s ability to turn green in the air

11. Properties of Matter Examples: physical or chemical property water has a boiling point of 100 ˚C diamonds are very hard sugar ferments to form alcohol metal wires can conduct electricity 11

12. Properties of Matter substances can change form – important in chemistry chemical properties can change with specific environmental conditions (temperature & pressure) Table 3.2 – Pg. 74 12

13. Changes in Matter think of the melting of ice, then the boiling of water – Does the substance ever change? ______________________– a change that alters a substance without changing its composition ______________________– a transition of matter from one state to another – boiling, freezing, melting, condensing, vaporizing 13

15. Changes in Matter ___________________________________________ – a change that involves one or more substances turning into new substances – the new substances have different composition & properties – decomposing, rusting, exploding, cooking, burning, oxidizing, corroding, tarnishing, fermenting, rotting think of scrambled eggs (can’t have the eggs go back to what they were like before) 15

16. Mixtures of Matter almost all matter consists of mixtures of substances ______________________ – a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties – example: air, soda, tap water 16

17. Mixtures of Matter two different types of mixtures ______________________ mixtures – mixtures where the composition is constant throughout – always have a single phase – also called ______________________ ______________________ mixtures – mixtures where the individual substances remain distinct – different regions with different properties 17

18. Mixtures of Matter think of different levels of gold – they are mixtures of gold and other metals – when metals are mixtures they are called alloys 18

19. Mixtures of Matter Table 3.3 – Pg. 81

20. Separating Mixtures can separate mixtures into their component substances based on differences in the physical properties of the substances – ex. iron can be separated from sand with a magnet types of separation techniques – filtration – distillation – crystallization – sublimation – chromatography 20

21. Separating Mixtures filtration – ___________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ use filter paper to ‘catch’ the solids

22. Separating Mixtures distillation – ________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ex. salt water 22

23. Separating Mixtures distillation of salt water 23

24. Separating Mixtures combination of methods 24

25. Separating Mixtures crystallization – _____________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ (making rock candy) 25

26. Separating Mixtures ____________________________ – process of a solid changing directly to a gas, which can be used to separate mixtures of solids when one sublimates and the other does not ____________________________ – a technique that separates the components of a mixtures (the mobile phase) based on the ability of each component to travel across the surface of another material (the stationary phase) 26

27. Elements & Compounds all matter can be broken down into small building blocks called elements element – __________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ – 92 naturally occurring elements on Earth – ex: copper, oxygen, gold 27

28. Elements & Compounds every element has its own unique name & symbol – symbols consist of 1, 2, or 3 letters (first letter always Capitalized, others not) – universe made up of mostly (75%) hydrogen – humans made up of mostly (90%) oxygen, carbon, & hydrogen – Earth’s crust made up of (75%) oxygen & silicon 28

29. Elements & Compounds to organize the elements Russian chemist __________________________________________ in 1869 developed a chart eventually called the Periodic Table – organizes the elements into a grid of horizontal rows (__________) & vertical columns (__________________________) – elements in the same group have similar properties 29

30. Elements & Compounds compounds – _______________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ most matter in the universe exists as compounds – over 10 million known compounds – ex. table salt (NaCl), water (H 2 O) 30

31. Elements & Compounds elements can not be separated compounds can be broken into components by chemical processes – example: separating water into hydrogen & oxygen Figure 3.17 – Pg. 86 31

32. Elements & Compounds Figure 3.19 – Pg. 87 32

33. Elements & Compounds all compounds combine in specific ways __________________________________________ – a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportions by mass water is always 2 hydrogens & 1 oxygen (H 2 O) 33