2. Chemistry is the study of matter and how it changes Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space Mass – resistance to change in motion Two types of matter- –S–Substance - Pure –M–Mixture - more than one substance

3. The word “kinetic” means motion Three main parts of the theory: –All matter is made of tiny particles –These particles are in constant motion and the higher the temperature, the faster the particles move –At the same temperature, heavier particles move slower.

5. Particles are tightly packed Particles are stuck to each other in a pattern Particles vibrate in place Particles can not flow Constant volume Have very little energy

6. Particles are tightly packed Particles are able to slide past each other Particles can flow Constant volume Have a medium energy level

7. Liquids Spread out on their own Fluids- gases and liquids both flow Viscosity- the resistance to flow; also called thickness. The better the molecules stick to each other, the more resistance

8. Particles are spread out Particles are flying all over the place Particles can flow Take the volume of whatever container it is in Have lots of energy

9. Lightning is a plasma Plasma is a lot like a gas, but the particles are electrically charged Used in fluorescent light bulbs and neon lights Extremely high energy levels Plasma has no definite shape or volume

10. Law of Conservation of Energy This scientific law states that in all changes, energy cannot be created or destroyed All the energy you put in, you get out!!!!! The energy that comes from the electrical outlet to the hairdryer is released through the hair dryer. The exact same amount of energy that went into the hairdryer will come out of the hairdryer.

11. Law of Conservation of Mass In all changes, mass cannot be created or destroyed All the mass you start with you end with It might be hard to count 2 H 2 + O 2 ---> 2 H 2 O

12. Energy is the ability to change or move matter Endothermic – change when energy is absorbed or taken in by the substance as it changes states. “endo” means inside “therm” means heat Exothermic – change when energy is removed from or taken out of the substance as it changes states. “exo” means outside

13. Phase Changes Molecules and atoms don’t change during a phase change the composition doesn’t change The mass doesn’t change The volume does change Only the attractions and motion change

14. e x o t h e r m i c exothermic exothermic endothermic

15. e n d o t h e r m i c e n d o t h e r m i c exothermic e x o t h e r m i c

16. Condensation Condensation- Change from gas to liquid As you cool a gas the molecules slow down As gas molecules slow down they stick together Exothermic

17. Vaporization is a change of state from a liquid to a gas Examples are: Evaporation, Boiling Endothermic

18. Sublimation is a change of state from a solid directly to a gas Examples are: dry ice and ice trays in a freezer. endothermic

19.  Deposition is a change of state from a gas directly to a solid. Example is making dry ice. Exothermic

20. Freezing is a change of state From a liquid to a solid Examples are:  water to ice  liquid lava to solid rock

21. Melting is the change of state from a solid to a liquid Examples are: Cheese on a hamburger Ice to water

22. Properties A property is a something that describes matter –An adjective –Used to identify the matter –Used to distinguish between different types

23. Allow us to identify substances Allow us to separate substances Determine uses Properties

24. Physical Properties Can be observed or measured without changing the composition Melting point, boiling point, hardness, odor, ability to conduct electricity and heat Density – how heavy something is for its size

25. A type of change- 1. Physical Changes- no new type of matter is made All the molecules stay the same Changes

26. Might look a little different Keeps original properties Changing phases Making a mixture Cutting Grinding Dissolving Physical Changes