1. Chemistry – The Study of Matter Alchemists hard at work.

2. Chemistry The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes it undergoes. Branches: Organic Inorganic Physical Analytical Biochemistry Theoretical

3. Research – What are some ‘modern technologies’ that have impacted the way we live? Basic Reasearch Increasing knowledge Applied Research Solve a specific problem Technological Development Production and use of products to improve quality of life

4. Matter 4 states of matter Solids Liquids Gases Plasma Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) All matter is made of particles that are in constant motion

5. Solids Very low KE – particles vibrate Fixed shape Fixed volume

6. Liquids Low KE – particles can move around but are close together Variable shape Fixed volume

7. Gases High KE – particles separate and move freely Variable shape Variable volume

8. Plasma Very high KE particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles Gas-like – variable shape and volume Ex: stars, fluorescent light bulbs

9. The Four States of Matter Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma

10. Phases of Matter

11. Intensive v. Extensive Properties Intensive property does NOT depend on sample size. Ex: density, melting point Extensive property does depend on sample size. Ex: mass, volume, energy

12. Physical Properties and Changes Can be observed without changing the identity of the substance Examples: Color Viscosity Melting and boiling points Thermal conductivity Electrical conductivity More Examples: Specific heat Luster State of matter Phase changes Magnetism Solubility Malleability Ductility Crystal Form Tenacity

13. Solid Liquid Gas Condensation Melting Freezing Sublimation Deposition Evaporation

15. Chemical Properties and Changes Ability to change into a new substance Reactants become products Examples: Flammable Rusting Reactivity Oxidation Acidity/basisity Corrosion Inert

16. Name that property Honey and motor oil are very slow to pour. What property bests describes this property??? Viscosity What property of liquids would you look for to start charcoal for a BBQ???? Flammability Iron heats up faster than aluminum. What property is this???? Specific Heat

17. Name that property (more) Paints made of silver are applied to the back of mirrors. What property of silver is useful???? Luster The copper on the Statue of Liberty has turned green. What property is causing this??? Corrosion or Oxidation Jewelry can be pounded to form artistic designs. What property is this???? Malleability

18. Name that property (still) A good frying pan heats food evenly. What property of frying is this???? Thermal Conductivity Quartz forms hexagons and diamonds form cubes. What property is this??? Crystal Form You purchase a clear stone that might be a diamond. What simple test can you make to determine if it is actually a diamond??? Hardness

19. Name that property (lastly) You accidentally drop an iron bolt into a hard-to-reach place in your automobile engine. What property of iron enables you to retrieve the bolt without having to find someone with small hands? Magnetism

20. All chemical and physical changes require ENERGY!!!

21. Chemical and Physical Properties

23. Energy & Phase Changes Heat of vaporization - Amount of heat needed to change a liquid into a gas at its boiling point Heat of fusion - Amount of heat required to melt a solid at its melting point

25. Classification Flowchart Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Is the composition uniform? noyes MATTER Can it be physically separated? Heterogeneous MixtureCompoundElement MIXTUREPURE SUBSTANCE yesno Can it be chemically decomposed? noyes ColloidsSuspensions

26. Classification of Matter Examples: Graphite Pepper Sugar (sucrose) Paint Soda Element Heterogeneous mixture Compound Heterogeneous mixture Solution (homogeneous mixture

27. Pure Substances 1. Element Composed of identical atoms Ex: Copper wire, aluminum foil

28. Pure Substances 2. Compounds Composed of two or more elements in a fixed ratio C H OH CC C CC H H H H H H OH O O H H O OH Properties differ from individual elements Ex: glucose, caffeine

29. Mixtures Combination of 2 or more pure substances 1. Homogeneous mixtures 2. Colloids 3. Suspensions Heterogeneous mixtures

30. Mixtures 1. Homogeneous AKA: Solution Very small particles that do not settle No Tyndall effect Ex: rubbing alcohol, salt water

31. Mixtures 2. Colloid Heterogeneous Medium sized particles that do NOT settle Tyndall effect Ex: milk

32. Colloids scatter light, making a beam visible. solution colloid Which glass contains a colloid?

33. Examples of Colloids Dispersing Medium Dispersed Substance Colloid Type Fog, aerosol spraysGasLiquidAerosol Smoke, airborne bacteria GasSolidAerosol Whipped cream, soap suds LiquidGasFoam Milk, mayonnaiseLiquid Emulsion Paint, clays, gelatinLiquidSolidSol Marshmallow, StyrofoamSolidGasSolid foam Butter, cheeseSolidLiquidSolid emulsion

34. Mixtures 3. Suspension Heterogeneous Large particles that will settle Tyndall effect Ex: fresh squeezed lemonade

35. Mixtures – Colloid, suspension, or solution?? Examples Mayonnaise Muddy water Fog Salt water Italian salad dressing Colloid Suspension Colloid Solution Suspension

36. The Periodic Table Rows – Periods Columns – Groups or Families Three main types of elements 1. Metals 2. Nonmetals 3. Metalloids

38. Metals Conducts heat and electricity Malleable Ductile

39. Nonmetals Many are gases at room temperature Solids are brittle

40. Metalloids Touch the stair-step line (except Al) Some characteristics of metals and nonmetals Semiconductors