2.  How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does fluorine have?  Draw and label an atomic model of the element. (protons/charge, neutrons/charge, electrons/charge, nucleus, and electron cloud)  What is the charge of the nucleus of the atom?  What is the charge of the entire atom?  How many valence electrons does it have?  If this element bonded with lithium and gained an electron what type of ion would it become? P=9 N=10E=9 Positive Neutral 7 Negative STATION1STATION1

3.  How do we know the number of valence electrons by looking at the periodic table?  How many valence electrons does oxygen have?  If two oxygen atoms formed a bond what kind of bond would form? How do they bond? How would you know?  Show the bond the forms between two oxygen atoms. Group Number 6 Covalent Bond Share electrons – 2 nonmetals STATION2STATION2

4.  What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?  Complete the chart below Physical/ChemicalHow do you know? 1. Boiling water 2. Crumpling paper 3. Shattering glass 4. Burning wood 5. Can be separated to its original parts 6. Crushing a can 7. Changing state of matter 8. Absorbing or releasing heat Physical Change in state of matter Physical Paper has same properties Physical Small pieces are still glass Chemical Wood turns to ash Physical Mixtures can be seperated Physical Properties of the can same Physical Same substance Chemical Exothermic/Endothermic reactions STATION3STATION3

5. Change in statePhase Change Thermal Energy Absorbed or Released Solid to Liquid – Liquid to Gas – Gas to Liquid – Liquid to Solid – Gas directly to solid – Solid directly to gas – Melting Absorb Vaporizing/Boiling Absorb Condensation Release Freezing Release Deposition Release Sublimation Absorb You take a hot shower in the morning, and there are droplets on the outside of the shower door. What two phase changes can you infer have happened? Vaporizing – Steam from hot shower Condensation – Steam cools down and forms droplets STATION4STATION4

6. You combine paper clips, water, sugar, and marbles in a bowl.  This is an example of two or more substances that are physically blended but are not chemically bonded, therefore this is a _____________________.  How could you separate the parts of this mixture?  Is this a heterogeneous mixture or homogeneous mixture or both? How do you know? Give specific examples from the scenario. MIXTURE Filtration – sugar and water from paperclips and marbles Magnetism – Paperclips from Marbles Distillation or Evaporation – Sugar and water Both – HOMOGENOUS (sugar and water) It is evenly mixed together HETEROGENEOUS – water, paperclips, and marbles Not evenly mixed together STATION5STATION5

7.  What is responsible for giving us day and night?  What forces are responsible for keeping the Earth in orbit around the Sun?  What causes the seasons on Earth? Earth’s rotation Centripetal Force – Inertia and Gravity STATION6STATION6 Earth’s tilt North- Summer South - Winter North- Fall South - Spring North- Winter South - Summer North- Spring South - Fall

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