1. Heat Calculations with Specific Heat
What is heat?
What is energy?
How are they both measured?

2. What is heat?
(q) – transfer of energy from one object to another because of temperature difference between objects
form of energy
flows from warmer to cooler object
measured in joules

3. What is energy? (E) – ability or capacity to do work
measured in joules
detected by effects

4. What is temperature? (T) – NOT a form of energy
thought of as intensity of heat
measured in C, F, or K
amount of heat per unit of substance

5. What is a Joule?
(J) – amount of energy produced when a force of 1 Newton acts over a distance of 1 meter
small amount of energy
1 Newton ~ amount of force 40 pennies exerts on the palm of your hand
striking a match releases 1050 J

6. What is thermodynamics?
THERMODYNAMICS deals with energy changes (∆ E) that accompany chemical and physical properties
TELL US whether a reaction is possible depending on:
- whether reaction occurs by itself (spontaneously) OR
- if reaction needs outside source of energy to proceed

8. Laws of Thermodynamics

9. What is heat capacity?
energy required to raise temperature of substance by 1 °C
Every pure substance has unique heat capacity
Expressed as Joules
1 Calorie = Joule

10. What is specific heat?
(Cp) energy required to raise temperature of substance by 1 °C
Specific Heat varies depending on:
Type of substance
State of matter of substance (s, l, g)
Temperature of the reaction
S.H. of ICE = J/kg°C
S.H. of liquid water = J/kg°C

11. How do you measure heat? 1. Mathematically using HEAT EQUATION
q = m x Cp x ∆T 
How much energy would be needed to heat .450 kg of Copper metal from a temperature of 25 °C to 75 °C?
Specific Heat of Copper at 25 °C = 385 J/kg °C
q = m (Cp) ∆T PLUG AND CHUG!

13. What is a Calorimeter?

14. You are boiling water to make spaghetti
You are boiling water to make spaghetti. When the water boils, does it all instantly vaporize? Why not, after all – it’s reached the boiling point?
Video Animation

15. Heating Curve in Motion

16. EX. How much heat is necessary to totally melt 5 g of ice at 0 C to liquid water at 0 C?
EX. How much heat is necessary to change 5 g of water at 100 C to steam at 100 C?
HEAT CALCULATIONS 
q = m Cp △T for substance WITHOUT a phase change
q = m △Hfus when a substances freezes/melts
q = m △Hvap when a substance evaporates/condenses
If a substances undergoes a phase change and changes temperature, you must add all the heats together.