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Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing”
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Basic Characteristics
Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing” Basic Characteristics Aquatic environments Sessile-they can’t move Heterotrophic filter feeder Respirations & Excretion carried through water No nervous System Reproduce Sexually(hemaproditic) & Asexually Asymmetric symmetry
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Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing”
Water flow Choanocyte Spicule Pore cell Pore Epidermal cell Archaeocyte Osculum Central cavity Pores Special Adaptations Regeneration “collar cells” have flagella to filter food Large opening in top of sponge where water exits
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Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing”
The Good And the Bad Make up coral reefs Protect land from waves Animal habitat Consumer products
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Phylum Porifera Sponges-”Pore-bearing”
For Example…. Euspongia - bath sponge Glass sponges Tube sponges Finger sponges
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Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells”
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Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells”
Basic Characteristics Radial Symmetry sting and capture food Aquatic, mostly marine Two body forms Movement: Polyp= sessile, Medusa= free-swimming Asexual and sexual reproduction
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Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells”
Special Adaptations NEMATOCYSTS-stinging cells Coral= colonial Have nerve nets (network of nerve cells that allow it to detect stimuli)
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Medusa Polyp
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Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells”
The Good And the Bad Coral reefs-aquatic habitats Symbiotic relationships-Sea Anemone Can be deadly-Man O war
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Phylum Cnidaria “stinging cells”
For Example…. Hydra-Man O war Jellyfish Sea Anemone Coral reefs
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Phylum Platyhelminthes
"flatworms"
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Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms
Basic Characteristics Symmetry: Bilateral Parasites (absorb), carnivores, scavengers Aquatic(fresh & salt), Terrestrial, within a host Reproduction: Asexual (REGENERATION) and sexual acoelomate -no body cavity CEPHALIZATION or a head with ganglia or small brain
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= mouth & anus Tape Worms (detect light) PLANARIA
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Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms
Special Adaptations One opening to digestive system, mouth&anus rely on diffusion to get oxygen eyespots to detect light move by cilia and body muscle reproduce asexually by fission & regeneration and sexually by being hermaphrodites, contain both male & female parts
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Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms
The Good And the Bad Free living flatworms often eat dead matter Flukes are parasitic flat worms Tapeworms, eat your digested food.
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Schistosoma mansoni
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Phylum Platyhelminthes Flatworms
For Example…. Parasitic Tapeworm Non-parasitic planaria Parasitic Liver fluke
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Phylum Nematoda “roundworms”
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Phylum Nematoda Roundworms
Basic Characteristics Symmetry: Bilateral Carnivores, Parasites, Scavengers Habitat: Aquatic, terrestrial, within a host, very diverse Reproduction: Sexual (internal fertilization)
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Phylum Nematoda Roundworms
Special Adaptations Two body openings, mouth & anus Pseudocoelom-false body cavity Diffusion carries nutrients and wastes
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Phylum Nematoda Roundworms
The Good And the Bad Used in scientific research Phylum well know for parasite species Some parasite worms can clog blood vessels Other worms eat host digested food
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Phylum Nematoda Roundworms
For Example…. Hook worms Trichinosis Ascaris (Heartworms) C. Elegans
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Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”
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Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”
Basic Characteristics Symmetry: Bilateral Feeding: Carnivores, Scavengers, Parasites, very diverse Habitat: Terrestrial and Aquatic Reproduction: Mostly sexual (external fertilization for separate sexes), some species are hermaphroditic
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Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”
Special Adaptations Well-developed nervous system (brain and nerve cords Coelom-first to have true body cavity Closed circulatory system-does not rely on diffusion Hydrostatic Skeleton-longitudinal and circular muscles
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Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”
The Good And the Bad Decomposer, earthworms Medical uses, leeches Important part of food chain, terrestrial & aquatic
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Phylum Annelida “segmented worms”
For Example…. Earthworms Leeches Polychaetes, marines annelids
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Germ Layers Segmented worms Roundworms Flatworms Coelomate Acoelomate
Pseudocoelomate Coelomate Acoelomate Ectoderm Nervous system, epidermis of the skin, pituitary, lens of eye Mesoderm Muscles, skeleton, notochord, circulatory system, kidney, reproductive system Endoderm Lining of digestive tract, liver, pancreas, epithelial lining of lungs, many endocrine glands
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Phylum Mollusca “the mollusks”
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Phylum Mollusca “soft body”
Basic Characteristics Bilateral Symmetry Herbivores, Carnivores, Filter-feeders, Scavengers, or Parasites Aquatic and Terrestrial Movement: Motile (very diverse ways, even jet propulsion!) Reproduction: Sexual (often external fertilization
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Phylum Mollusca “soft body”
Special Adaptations Gastropods shell-less or single-shelled mollusks, use muscular foot to move ex: slugs, snails Respire through diffusion Bivalves: Have two shells held together by muscles Ex: clams, oysters, mussels Respire with gills Cephalopods Squids, Octopi, and Chambered Nautiluses Show very intelligent, learned behaviors Feet with suckers
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Phylum Mollusca “soft body”
The Good And the Bad Large food source for humans and other animals Live symbiotically with other organisms Some are filter feeders, decomposers Used in scientific research
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Phylum Mollusca “soft body”
For Example…. Clams Oysters Nautilus Snails, slugs Octopus Squid
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Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin”
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Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin”
Basic Characteristics Radial Symmetry Carnivores and scavengers Marine Motile, most use tube feet Reproduction: Sexual (external fertilization)
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Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin”
Special Adaptations Spiny skin Internal skeleton Water vascular system Tube feet (suction), used to pry open clams, oysters
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Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin”
The Good And the Bad Important in predator of urchins, clams Bio-indicators of marine life Crown-of-thorns, destroyed extensive areas of coral, especially the Great Barrier Reef
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Phylum Echinodermata “spiny skin”
For Example…. Sea Cucumbers Sea Urchins Brittle Star Sea Stars
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Phylum Arthropoda “jointed appendages”
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Phylum Arthropoda “jointed legs”
Basic Characteristics Bilateral Symmetry Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores Aquatic and Terrestrial, VERY diverse habitats Motile, using well-developed groups of muscles Sexual Reproduction(internal and external fertilization) Open Circulatory System
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Basic insect internal structure
HEAD THORAX ABDOMEN ANTENNA *Legs are always attached to thorax
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Phylum Arthropoda “jointed appendages”
Special Adaptations Exoskeleton of chitin, molting Jointed appendages Respiration: tracheal tubes, spiracles, book lungs Can taste and smell with mouthparts, antennae & legs Heightened sense of hearing and detecting movement Specialized mouthparts for eating almost anything Many can fly-have spread everywhere!
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Phylum Arthropoda “jointed appendages”
The Good And the Bad Many insects cause damage Termites, Lice Mosquitos(spread disease, malaria) Locusts Many Insects contribute to life Pollinate plants Produce honey, wax, silk Sometimes we eat them!
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Complete Metamorphosis Incomplete Metamorphosis
Adult Adult Eggs Eggs Nymph Larva Adult Complete Metamorphosis Incomplete Metamorphosis Nymph Larva Pupa Nymph Immature Adult
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Phylum Arthropoda “jointed appendages”
For Example…. Spiders Horseshoe crabs Tarantulas Ticks Scorpions Insects Centipedes Millipedes Beetles Flies Wasps Crustaceans Crabs Lobsters Shrimp Crayfish Barnacles
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