1. by Frank J. Landy & Jeffrey M. Conte
Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology (4th Edition)
by Frank J. Landy &
Jeffrey M. Conte

2. Work in the 21st Century Chapter 1
What is
Industrial and Organizational
Psychology?

3. Module 1.1: Fundamentals of I-O Psychology
Importance of I-O psychology
Importance of work in people’s lives
What is I-O psychology?
The application of psychological principles, theory, and research to the work setting.

4. Fundamentals of I-O Psychology (cont’d)
SIOP (Division 14 of APA)
Fields of I-O Psychology
Personnel psychology
Organizational psychology
Human engineering

5. Relatively New Topics of Interest to I-O Psychology
Building sustainable and environmentally conscious organizations
I-O psychologists can guide organizations in measuring their eco-benefits and in promoting these benefits along with individual, team, and organizational performance.
Humanitarian work psychology (HWP): the application of I-O psychology to humanitarian arena, especially poverty reduction and promotion of decent work, aligned with local stakeholders’ needs, and in partnership with global aid/development groups.
Led by New Zealand I-O psychologist Stuart Carr, initial work in this field shows that I-O psychologists can make a difference in some of the major global problems of the 21st century.

6. SIOP as a Resource www.siop.org History of I-O psychology
Membership information (including students)
Quarterly newsletter: TIP
JobNet
SIOP Journal – I-O Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice
Graduate training programs in I-O psychology
List of SIOP publications

7. Common Areas of Concentration for I-O Psychologists
Table 1.1

8. Common Job Titles for I-O Psychologists
Table 1.2

9. Evidence-Based I-O Psychology
I-O psychologists have become increasingly focused on making evidence-based decisions in their work in organizations
This includes using a decision-making process that combines critical thinking with use of best available scientific evidence.
I-O psychologists are well positioned to develop and utilize evidence-based practices as they have adopted the scientist-practitioner model to guide the field.

10. How This Course Can Help You
Knowledge about 21st century workplace
Course will address issues such as work stress, work-family balance, workplace discrimination, & leadership

11. Module 1.2: The past, present, and future of I-O Psychology
The Past – Important Dates/Events in I-O Psychology
The Present – Demographics and Career Paths
Future Challenges to I-O Psychology

12. Titles of Research Articles in JAP (1917)
Table 1.3

13. Titles of Research Articles in JAP (2008)
Table 1.4

14. Brief History of I-O Psychology
Hugo Munsterburg, James McKeen Cattell, Walter Dill Scott, & Walter Van Dyke Bingham
World War 1: Army Alpha & Army Beta Tests
1917 – First Ph.D. in Industrial Psychology awarded to Lillian Gilbreth
Research in time & motion study → Human Engineering

15. Brief History of I-O Psychology (cont'd)
Hawthorne Studies, Human Relations
Human relations movement
Theories of motivation
Emotional world of the worker
Studies of job satisfaction
WWII
Civil Rights Act of 1964 & Title VII

16. Civil Rights Act of 1964 & Title VII
Title VII specified demographic groups to be protected from employment discrimination
Groups named in 1964
Race
Color
Gender
National origin
Religion
2 additional protected groups added later
ADEA (age) 1967
ADA (disability) 1990

17. Important Dates in the Evolution of I-O Psychology
Figure 1.1

18. Demographics of I-O Psychologists
In 2000, I-O psychologists represented about 6% of all APA members
In 2000, 30% of I-O psychologists in APA were women
Average salaries:
Ph.D. in I-O psychology: $90,000
Masters in I-O psychology: $67,000

19. Figure 1.2: Where I-O Psychologists are Employed

20. Preparing for a Career in I-O Psychology
Education & training
Getting into a graduate program
Consideration of GPA & GRE score(s)
Relevant coursework (e.g., statistics)
More emphasis on coursework than major

21. Challenges to I-O in 21st Century
I-O psychology needs to be:
Relevant
Useful
Grounded in scientific method

22. Changes in the Workplace Since 1980
Personal computing
Telecommuting & virtual teams
Videoconferencing
Providing a service vs. manufacturing “goods”
Nature of work more fluid
Teams vs. the individual
Little stability
Family-friendly workplaces
Greater diversity
Global workplace
Milton Montenegro/Getty Images

23. Module 1.3: Multicultural & Cross-Cultural Issues in I-O Psychology
Multiculturalism
Culture defined
System in which individuals share meaning & common ways of viewing events & objects
Sharing of meanings & interpretations
Royalty-Free/CORBIS

24. Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis)
Figure 1.3
The Dynamic of Top-Down-Bottom-Up Processes across levels of culture

25. Multicultural Nature of Work in the 21st Century
Why should multiculturalism be important to you?
Why is multiculturalism important for I-O psychology?
Issues surrounding the global economy, expatriates, & the “West vs. the Rest” mentality

26. Theory of Cultural Influence (Hofstede)
Table 1.5 The Five Dimensions of Hofstede’s Theory of Culture

27. Figure 1.4: Cultural Differences among Countries (Hofstede, 1993)

28. Thoughts on Theories of Cultural Influence
Triandis’ variation on Hofstede’s dimension of individualism/collectivism
Horizontal cultures – those that minimize distances between individuals
Vertical cultures – accept & depend on distances between individuals

29. Implications of Cultural Dimensions for HRM
Table 1.6 The implications of Cultural Dimensions for HRM

30. Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis)
Figure 1.5
Triandis’s View of
Cultural Determinants
in the Workplace

31. Module 1.4: Themes & Course Structure
A) Unified Science
B) Holistic Approach
Parts of the book:
Introduction
Industrial Psychology
Organizational Psychology
Work Environment

32. Module 1.4 (cont’d) Resources Case study Paper (I-O Journals/Books)
Electronic: I-O websites (e.g.,
Case study
Provides example of complexity of work behavior

33. Table 1.7: Scientific Journals in I-O Psychology

34. Table 1.8: Practical Texts in I-O Psychology