1. Ch 46 – Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Vocabulary Review
Ch 46 – Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

2. Cardiovascular system
A collection of organs that transport blood throughout the body; the organs in this system include the heart, the arteries, and the veins
Cardiovascular system

3. A collection of organs whose primary function is to collect extracellular fluid and return it to the blood; the organs in this system include the lymph nodes and the lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic system

4. A chamber that receives blood that is retuning to the heart
Atrium

5. One of the two large muscular chambers that pump blood out of the heart
Ventricle

6. A fold of membranes that controls the flow of a fluid
Valve

7. The main artery in the body; it carries blood from the left ventricle to systemic circulation
Aorta

8. A mass of cardiac muscle cells that lies at the junction of the superior vena cava with the right atrium and that initiates and regulates contraction of the heart
Sinoatrial node

9. Atrioventricular node
A mass of specialized cardiac muscle that is located between the right atrium and right ventricle and that generates electrical impulses that cause the ventricles of the heart to contract
Atrioventricular node

10. The rhythmic pressure of the blood against the walls of a vessel, particularly an artery
Pulse

11. A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body’s organs
Artery

12. The force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries
Blood pressure

13. A condition of high blood pressure
Hypertension

14. A tiny blood vessel that allows an exchange between blood and cells in tissue
Capillary

15. In animals, a vessel that carries blood to the heart
Vein

16. Pulmonary circulation
The flow of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart through the network of pulmonary arteries, capillaries, and veins
Pulmonary circulation

17. The movement of blood from the heart to all parts of the body and back to the heart
Systemic circulation

18. A disease characterized by the buildup of fatty materials on the interior walls of the arteries
Atherosclerosis

19. The fluid that is collected by the lymphatic vessels and nodes

20. In biology, the liquid component of blood
Plasma

21. Red blood cell (erythrocyte)
A disc-shaped cell that has no nucleus, that contains hemoglobin, and that transports oxygen in the circulatory system
Red blood cell (erythrocyte)

22. The oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells
Hemoglobin

23. White blood cell (leukocyte)
A type of cell in the blood that destroys bacteria, viruses, and toxic proteins and helps the body develop immunities
White blood cell (leukocyte)

24. A cell that ingests and destroys (digests) foreign matter or microorganisms
Phagocyte

25. A protein that reacts to a specific antigen or that inactivates or destroys toxins
Antibody

26. A fragment of a cell that is needed to form blood clots
Platelet

27. A protein that forms a network of fibers during blood clotting
Fibrin

28. A classification of blood that depends on the type of antigen present on the surface of the red blood cell
Blood type

29. A substance that stimulates an immune response
Antigen

30. One of several blood-group antigens carried on the surface of red blood cells
Rh factor

31. A collection of organs whose primary function is to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide; the organs of this system include the lungs, the throat, and the passageways that lead to the lungs
Respiratory system

32. The exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the lungs
External respiration

33. The exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body
Internal respiration

34. The central organ of the respiratory system in which oxygen from the air is exchanged with carbon dioxide from the blood
Lung

35. In animals with a digestive tract, the passage from the mouth to the larynx and esophagus
Pharynx

36. A structure that hangs at the entrance of the larynx and prevents food from entering the larynx and the trachea while swallowing
Epiglottis

37. In vertebrates, the tube that connects the larynx to the lungs
Trachea

38. The area of the throat that contains the vocal cords and produces vocal sounds
Larynx

39. One of the two tubes that connect the lungs with the trachea
Bronchus

40. A small air passage that branches from the bronchi within the lungs
Bronchiole

41. Any of the tiny air cells of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
Alveolus

42. The process of taking air from the outside of the body into the lungs
Inspiration

43. A dome-shaped muscle that is attached to the lower ribs and that functions as the main muscle in respiration
Diaphragm

44. The process in which air is forced out of the lungs
Expiration