1. Third World Patterns Presented by: Adeesha Hack January 20,1999

2. Purpose of this Presentation n Democracy n Inequality n Economic growth n Religious beliefs n Political system

3. Exploring different theories Theory #1 Economic growth is positively related to democracy

5. Rising economic growth n Africa –CAF $4.9b; Nigeria $5.7b; Togo $14.6b; Egypt $8b; Kenya $4b n S. Asia – India $47.4b; Bangladesh $10.8b n Latin America –Argentina $18.4b; Mexico $32.3b; Columbia $19.5b

7. Democracy in the South n Most democratic nations: –Belize, Trinidad & Tobago, Malta (7) –Argentina, Bangladesh, Botswana, Panama, Venezuela (6) n Least democratic nations: –Somalia, Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Rwanda (1)

8. Is economic growth linked to democracy? Rating 1 (least democratic) to 7 (most democratic) n Bangladesh, Argentina (6) n CAF, Columbia (5) n India, Mexico (4) n Egypt, Togo, Kenya (2) n Nigeria (1)

9. Theory #2 Income inequality has an impact on democracy over time That is, as a developing nation initially experiences economic growth, inequality rises and democracy becomes unstable

10. Measuring Income Inequality GINI index n What does the GINI index measure? - wealth gap - published annually in World Development Report (WB) n Is there a link between democracy, growth and inequality?

11. Taking a closer look (1999) Most unequal nations: 50-60% Brazil South Africa Columbia Panama Zimbabwe Chile Honduras Guatemala Niger Most equal nations: 28-32% Bangladesh Rwanda India Sri Lanka Pakistan Egypt Ghana * Points of Reference: Canada 31.5%; Sweden 25%; USA 40%

12. Take note

13. Theory #3 There are only 2 ways a nation’s economic growth can have a positive impact on democracy. 1) political culture (ie education) 2) social structure is altered

14. Education vs. Democacy

15. Also...

16. Theory #4 Religion plays a part in democratic development. Specifically, Islamic nations are adverse to democracy. (Huntington)

17. Islam and Democracy 7.0 (none) 6.0 Bangladesh 5.0 Algeria, Pakistan 4.0 Jordan, Comoros 3.0 Morocco, Iran 2.0 Maldives, Oman 1.0 Brunei, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Mauritania

18. In conclusion n Lipset: relationship between democracy and economic development n Dahl: economic development and other factors increase democracy n Huntington: economic development and political leadership increase democracy

19. More theories Theory #5 Economic growth does not necessarily improve living conditions.

20. A Look at Africa - HDI & GDP/capita Botswana.652 Gabon.562 Mauritius.831 Namibia.570 Seychelles.845 Swaziland.582 Atlas $

21. Good society: wealthy, just, democratic, orderly, control of affairs Backward society: poor, inequitable, repressive, violent & dependent Theory #6 Compatibility. A society could and has to make progress towards all goals simultaneously. They are supportive of each other.

22. Locomotive Train Theory Liberal: economic growth first Marxist: equity first Dependency: break chain of independence first

23. In Conclusion... What does this all mean?