1. 1 BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TODAY Chapter Two How ICT Works

2. 2 FOCUS QUESTION How does information and communication technology work?

3. 3 Anatomy of a Computer A computer is only capable of doing what the user tells it to do. The four functions of computers are –1. input –2. processing –3. output –4. storage A computer must have –1. hardware –2. software

4. 4 Functions—Input A computer collects data or instructions from the user via –k–keyboard –m–mouse or touchpad –s–stylus –t–touching a screen –m–microphone

5. 5 Functions—Storage The computer saves data or instructions in its memory for use during processing.

6. 6 Functions—Processing The computer interprets the data entered. The computer adds, multiplies, divides, finds, or manipulates data. The computer then creates processed information that the user can understand.

7. 7 Functions—Output The computer displays or produces processed information for the user via –something that you see (screen) –something that you hear (ding) –something that you command the printer to print

8. 8 Work Go to site and do: –Humans as Computers –Review it worksheet 8

9. 9 Bits, Bytes, and Binary Numbers Bits and bytes are small pieces of computerized data that communicate commands to a computer’s CPU: A bit is either a 1 or a 0 (binary digits). A byte contains eight bits. Each letter in the English language is represented by one byte. 9

10. 10 What is Hardware? “Hardware” is any part of a computer that you can touch. There are two kinds of hardware: –1. internal –2. external

11. 11 Internal Hardware Power enters computer through power cord. Electricity travels through motherboard, where all components are attached. Electricity travels to the central processing unit (CPU), also called the microprocessor.

12. 12 How Does My Computer Work? The “brain” of a computer is the central processing unit (CPU). When the CPU receives and carries out an instruction, it has completed one cycle. Computer’s speed = number of cycles completed in one second Cycles are measured in: Megahertz (MHz) = millions of cycles per second Gigahertz (GHz) = billions of cycles per second

13. 13 How CPUs Work The CPU is the brain of the computer. The CPU performs four tasks: –1. fetch –2. decode –3. execute –4. store

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15. 15 Internal Hardware (continued) The cache holds instructions that are accessed frequently. There are two kinds of cache: –1–1. internal or L1 – first place that the CPU looks –2–2. external or L2 – second place that the CPU looks

16. 16 Internal Hardware (continued) Expansion slots can hold expansion cards such as a sound card or modem. Bus is a series of conductor wires that transport data between internal hardware. –Wider bus widths result in more data being transported at faster speeds.

17. 17 Internal Hardware (continued) Drive bays hold disk drives such as hard drive and DVD drive. Memory chips are also attached to the motherboard. –R–ROM – Read Only Memory also called the system BIOS houses information such as instructions for start-up store data even when the computer is turned off –R–RAM – Random Access Memory temporary works when you start up and use computer software only stores information when the computer is on

18. 18 Computer Storage The type of storage device used depends on –the type of information being stored –how much information being stored Examples of storage options include –hard drive –floppy disk –CD-R or CD-RW –DVD+/-R or DVD+/-RW –online storage –external hard drive –USB Flash drive

19. 19 Work Complete worksheets - Identify Hardware Basics and Keyboard Keys Go to website - under chapter 2 - REVIEW IT sheet - you will have to make your own tables in the word processor 19