2. Hydraulic Modelling of wetland flow Data collection and problem solving Prof. dr. ir. Ronny Verhoeven Hydraulics Laboratory Ghent University Belgium Prof. dr. ir. Ronny Verhoeven Hydraulics Laboratory Ghent University Belgium WETHYDRO WORKSHOP – 13 – 14 June 2003

3. Hydraulic Modelling of wetland flow IntroductionIntroduction Hydraulic modelling of open channel flowHydraulic modelling of open channel flow Extension to wetlandsExtension to wetlands Data collection – problems, questions, solutionsData collection – problems, questions, solutions Input data – problems, questions, solutionsInput data – problems, questions, solutions Conclusions - questionsConclusions - questions WETHYDRO WORKSHOP – 13 – 14 June 2003

4. Introduction Engineer >> translates reality into formula Engineer >> translates reality into formula Deterministic approach is what he likes: p =  g h Stochastic representation is what he needs to live with Stochastic representation is what he needs to live with

5. Introduction

6. Hydraulic Modelling of open Channel Flow Supositions Uniform velocity distribution: Q = A. UUniform velocity distribution: Q = A. U Prismatic bed – constant cross-sectionPrismatic bed – constant cross-section Hydrostatic cross sectionsHydrostatic cross sections Constant bottom slopeConstant bottom slope Constant friction factorConstant friction factor

7. Hydraulic Modelling of open Channel Flow Steady state Continuity: Q = A. U Q = A. U Motion – Bresse equation: Uniform flow >> Manning > Manning << U = 1/n.R 2/3.S 0 1/2

8. Hydraulic Modelling of open Channel Flow Unsteady state Saint Venant equations Continuity: Motion:

9. Hydraulic Modelling of open Channel Flow Unsteady state Saint Venant equations – solved by implicit finite difference Preismann scheme >> choise of  is important > stability >> choise of  s and  t also > accuracy

11. Extension to wetlands Quasi 2D modelling >> Network structure - flow >> Cells - exchange of volumes >> Combination - what to choose?

15. Input data – what do we need? Cross-sections of river and floodplain Cross-sections of river and floodplain Longitudinal profile (Thalweg) Longitudinal profile (Thalweg) Water levels ( f(t) ) Water levels ( f(t) ) Discharge ( f(t) ) – lateral discharges Discharge ( f(t) ) – lateral discharges Friction coefficients Friction coefficients Sediment transport (bottom / suspended) Sediment transport (bottom / suspended) Topographical Hydraulic

16. Data collection Topographical ? Distance between 2 cross-sections ? Distance between 2 cross-sections ? Boundaries of flood plains ? Boundaries of flood plains Altitude measurements should be the most accurate ones Altitude measurements should be the most accurate ones Accuracy of measurements is influenced by: Accuracy of measurements is influenced by: - mud - vegetation - obstacles in cross-section - soft bottom

17. Data collection Hydraulic data – discharge measurements Integration of velocity field over cross-section Integration of velocity field over cross-section Propeller meter or electromagnetic, acoustic velocity meter Propeller meter or electromagnetic, acoustic velocity meter From bridge or from boat From bridge or from boat

18. Data collection Hydraulic data – discharge measurements > Problems Problems < Velocity distribution – horizontal / vertical Velocity distribution – horizontal / vertical

19. Data collection Hydraulic data – discharge measurements > Problems Problems < Vegetation Vegetation - velocity fluctuation as a function of time - slowing down propeller - block the propeller - local influence on velocity meter Stones or rocks Stones or rocks Soft bottom Soft bottom Wind while measuring from a boat Wind while measuring from a boat Measuring errors Measuring errors Influence of

22. Input data How to determine the cross-section?

23. Input data How to determine the cross-section? ??

24. Solution: define cross-section with A, P and R equal to the average value of all cross-sections >> Calibration of friction coefficient becomes very important !!! very important !!!

25. Input data How to determine the longitudinal profile? Effect of friction!

26. Input data How to determine the bottom slope?

27. Input data How to determine the friction coefficient n = f (bottom roughness, shape cross-section, vegetation, obstacles, meandering, velocity distribution, …) n = f (bottom roughness, shape cross-section, vegetation, obstacles, meandering, velocity distribution, …) n = f (time, location, interaction of previous parameters) n = f (time, location, interaction of previous parameters) n must be determined from measurements n must be determined from measurements huhu hdhd Q Bresse n

28. Determination of n using: Uniform flow principle (Manning formula) Uniform flow principle (Manning formula) Bresse equation Bresse equation

30. BUT!!!

31. Hydraulic Modelling of open Channel Flow

33. Conclusions and Questions Flood-routing theory is quite simple Flood-routing theory is quite simple Numerical solution methods are well developed Numerical solution methods are well developed Practical application is confronted with many inaccuracies Practical application is confronted with many inaccuracies Good simulation results thanks to well considered calibration Good simulation results thanks to well considered calibration ? Definition of cross-section? ? Definition of cross-section? ? Determination of longitudinal profile? ? Determination of longitudinal profile? ? Best way to determine the friction coefficient? ? Best way to determine the friction coefficient? ? Suggestions to improve measurements quality? ? Suggestions to improve measurements quality?

34. Acknowledgements T. Okruszko, S. Ignar, R. Michalowski, J. Chormanski, D. Swiatek, I. Kardel SGGW, Warsaw SGGW, Warsaw L. Van Poucke, M. Huygens, R. Banasiak Hydraulics laboratory, Ghent University Universities of Brussels and Antwerp Funding from Polish and Flemish government bilateral cooperation projects Biebrza National Park Authorities

35. 1998 2002