Step Up To: Psychology John J. Schulte, Psy.D. & Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5e Worth Publishers.

Step Up To: Psychology John J. Schulte, Psy.D. & Jason S. Spiegelman, M.A., ABD From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5e Worth Publishers (2010) From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 5e Worth Publishers (2010)

Chapter 10: Personality The Psychoanalytic Perspective The Humanistic Perspective The Social Cognitive Perspective The Trait Perspective Assessing Personality: Psychological Tests

100 200 300 400 500 The Psychoanalytic Perspective

100 200 300 400 500 The Humanistic Perspective

100 200 300 400 500 The Social Cognitive Perspective

100 200 300 400 500 The Trait Perspective

100 200 300 400 500 Assessing Personality: Psychological Tests

1. Which of the following psychodynamic theorists discussed the concept of the inferiority complex? A) Sigmund Freud B) Karen Horney C) Carl Jung D) Alfred Adler A) Sigmund Freud B) Karen Horney C) Carl Jung D) Alfred Adler

2. Which of the following is not one of the levels of awareness identified in the original theory of Sigmund Freud? A) The unconscious B) The conscious C) The preconscious D) The subconscious A) The unconscious B) The conscious C) The preconscious D) The subconscious

3. According to Freud, “I want pleasure, and I want it now,” refers to the part of the personality called the: A) id B) eros C) superego D) ego A) id B) eros C) superego D) ego

4. Threatened by his own attraction to other males, Mr. Jones leads an active campaign against gay rights. He is displaying the ego defense mechanism called: A) denial B) opposition C) reaction formation D) displacement A) denial B) opposition C) reaction formation D) displacement

5. Jung believed that the deepest part of the individual psyche is the __________, which is shared by all people. A) architypical unconscious B) collective unconscious C) Oedipus unconscious D) individual unconscious A) architypical unconscious B) collective unconscious C) Oedipus unconscious D) individual unconscious

6. Which theoretical orientation has often been referred to as the “third force” in psychology? A) The humanistic perspective B) The social-cognitive perspective C) The trait perspective D) The psychodynamic perspective A) The humanistic perspective B) The social-cognitive perspective C) The trait perspective D) The psychodynamic perspective

7. According to Rogers, the most basic human motive is the innate drive to maintain and enhance ourselves, called: A) aggressive instincts B) the self-concept C) the actualizing tendency D) the sense of self A) aggressive instincts B) the self-concept C) the actualizing tendency D) the sense of self

8. Rogers believed that the fully functioning person: A) has a flexible, constantly evolving self- concept B) is realistic and open to new experiences C) is capable of change in response to new experiences D) demonstrates all of the above A) has a flexible, constantly evolving self- concept B) is realistic and open to new experiences C) is capable of change in response to new experiences D) demonstrates all of the above

9. “ I do not approve of your behavior, but I still love and value you. ” This attitude shows that a parent has _________ for his/her child. A) conditional positive regard B) compassionate parenting C) unconditional positive regard D) conditions of worth A) conditional positive regard B) compassionate parenting C) unconditional positive regard D) conditions of worth

10. Which of the following is a major criticism of the humanistic perspective? A) It is based solely on childhood memories and conflicts B) It has no relevance to psychotherapy C) It discounts the idea of a healthy personality D) It is too optimistic and ignores the darker side of human nature A) It is based solely on childhood memories and conflicts B) It has no relevance to psychotherapy C) It discounts the idea of a healthy personality D) It is too optimistic and ignores the darker side of human nature

11. Albert Bandura describes self- efficacy as: A) being the best that one can be B) the sense of being loved and accepted by others C) the evaluation of your effectiveness and capability to meet the demands of a particular situation D) the drive to learn despite early failures A) being the best that one can be B) the sense of being loved and accepted by others C) the evaluation of your effectiveness and capability to meet the demands of a particular situation D) the drive to learn despite early failures

12. Bandura explains behavior and personality as being caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors. This process is called: A) self-efficacy B) reciprocal determinism C) sociocultural assimilation D) social cognitive theory A) self-efficacy B) reciprocal determinism C) sociocultural assimilation D) social cognitive theory

13. The social cognitive perspective places most of the responsibility for our behavior: A) on ourselves B) on our childhood history C) on our learned behavior D) on the way we were parented A) on ourselves B) on our childhood history C) on our learned behavior D) on the way we were parented

14. The social cognitive perspective differs from the humanistic perspective in that social cognitive theorists: A) rely heavily on experimental findings B) emphasize feelings and insight C) deal with free-will D) have less scientific fact on which to base their theory A) rely heavily on experimental findings B) emphasize feelings and insight C) deal with free-will D) have less scientific fact on which to base their theory

: 15. Some psychologists criticize the social cognitive theory, claiming: A) it is too scientific B) its theories are descriptive and not testable C) it lacks description of the whole person D) it has no relevance to psychotherapy A) it is too scientific B) its theories are descriptive and not testable C) it lacks description of the whole person D) it has no relevance to psychotherapy

16. A trait is best defined as : A) an unconscious motive driving our behavior B) a repeated pattern of behavior C) a relatively stable, enduring predisposition to behave in a certain way D) a description of our outward appearance A) an unconscious motive driving our behavior B) a repeated pattern of behavior C) a relatively stable, enduring predisposition to behave in a certain way D) a description of our outward appearance

17. Personality characteristics or attributes that can be easily inferred from observable behavior are known as __________ traits. A) secondary B) primary C) source D) surface A) secondary B) primary C) source D) surface

18. According to Eysenck someone low on the personality dimension he called psychoticism: A) is excitable, changeable, and impulsive B) is antisocial, cold, hostile, and unconcerned about others C) is warm and caring toward others D) is sober, pessimistic, and rigid A) is excitable, changeable, and impulsive B) is antisocial, cold, hostile, and unconcerned about others C) is warm and caring toward others D) is sober, pessimistic, and rigid

19. More recent trait theorists believe Raymond Cattell proposed too many traits and Hans Eysenck proposed too few, resulting in the: A) modern cognitive-behavioral model B) five-factor model C) neo-Freudian perspective D) Sixteen PF Questionnaire A) modern cognitive-behavioral model B) five-factor model C) neo-Freudian perspective D) Sixteen PF Questionnaire

20. According to research which personality traits in the five-factor model tend to decline slightly as an individual gets older? A) agreeableness and extraversion B) conscientiousness and agreeableness C) neuroticism and openness to experience D) extroversion and neuroticism A) agreeableness and extraversion B) conscientiousness and agreeableness C) neuroticism and openness to experience D) extroversion and neuroticism

21. Which of the following is not a self- report questionnaire designed to assess an individual’s personality? A) 16PF B) MMPI C) CPI D) TAT A) 16PF B) MMPI C) CPI D) TAT

22. The most widely used personality test is currently the: A) MMPI B) Rorschach Inkblot Test C) TAT D) 16PF A) MMPI B) Rorschach Inkblot Test C) TAT D) 16PF

23. The main difference between the MMPI and the California Personality Inventory (CPI) is that the CPI: A) is a much longer process than the MMPI B) was designed to assess normal populations C) is based on other people’s observations of us D) was designed for use on clinical populations A) is a much longer process than the MMPI B) was designed to assess normal populations C) is based on other people’s observations of us D) was designed for use on clinical populations

24. Which of the following is not a true statement regarding the Rorschach Inkblot test? A) Its reliability and validity have been widely demonstrated in research B) It is related to the defense mechanism of projection C) It is comprised of 654 questions D) There are several scoring methods that can be used for the Rorschach test A) Its reliability and validity have been widely demonstrated in research B) It is related to the defense mechanism of projection C) It is comprised of 654 questions D) There are several scoring methods that can be used for the Rorschach test

25. A major advantage of objective personality tests over projective tests is that: A) objective tests measure unconscious motives B) objective tests are more difficult to fake C) objective tests are less affected by fatigue in the subject D) objective tests have higher reliability and validity A) objective tests measure unconscious motives B) objective tests are more difficult to fake C) objective tests are less affected by fatigue in the subject D) objective tests have higher reliability and validity

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