Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

The Old World’s Fascination with Abnormality:

Published byAusten Barton Modified over 9 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "The Old World’s Fascination with Abnormality:"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Old World’s Fascination with Abnormality:
Trephining/Trepanning Evidence of trephining found all over the ancient world: Ancient Egypt Far and Middle East India Aztecs, Inca Brazilian tribes South Seas North and Equatorial Africa drilling holes into the brain to release “something” – evil spirits, etc Used to “cure” mental illness

2 Medieval thru Renaissance
Emergence of science Emergence of humanism Thinking transitioned from god/spirit centered to human centered Grünewald’s The Temptation of St. Anthony Human qualities of temptation and evil

3 John Locke 1632-1704 Empiricism
Knowledge based on sensations and reflection Tabula Rasa argues _________ over ___________ Nurture over nature

4 Charles Darwin The Origin of Species Natural Selection - ?
Diversity of life thru proposed evolutionary processes Natural Selection - ? What is natural selection? – the principle that among a range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

5 When Did Psychological Science Begin?
1879 – University of Leipzig, Germany Wilhelm Wundt – Wilhelm Wundt - created the first university lab for study in psychology

6 Edward Titchener Student of Wundt Introduced structuralism
Early school of thought that used introspection to explore structural elements of human minds

7 Issues with STRUCTURALISM
Requires smart verbal people (bias?) Unreliable because results, like experiences, vary from person to person No way to standardize it People’s recollections of actual events frequently err Boston Massacre

8 William James Consider the functions of our feelings and thoughts
Functionalism: Heavily influenced by Darwin (adaptive nature of functionalism) Responsible for introducing psychology to the educated public (bias?) how our mental and behavioral processes function, how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish Explore emotions, memories, willpower, etc

9 William James 1842-1943 Add to your notes his famous work:
Principles of Psychology

10 Mary Whiton Calkins Interesting sociological story
Early female psychology pioneer Refused PhD First APA female president

11 Margaret Floy Washburn
First PhD in psychology held by a woman Second female to become APA president

12 Beverly Inez Prosser First African American woman PhD Feminist theory

13 How Psychological Science has Developed
Early Days – Wundt, Titchener, James Transition to Freud 1920’s psych = mental life Early Days – Wundt, Titchener, James Introspection, inner sensations, feelings and emotions based Transition to Freud Emotional responses to childhood experiences and how our unconscious thought processes affect behavior

14 1920-1960’s Shift from mental to behavior focused
Record rates of how people’s behavior changes as they respond to different situations Watson, Skinner

15 1880’s-1950’s Age of the Lobotomy Age of the Lobotomy

16 Humanistic Psychology
Around the same time – humanistic psych will rebel against Freudian psychology and behaviorism Humanistic psychology: Rogers, Maslow Humanistic psychology: emphasizes the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth

17 1960’s – The Cognitive Revolution
Cognitive Neuroscience – study of brain activity linked with mental activity Perception, thinking, memory, language Hugely important to treatment and understanding new ways to treat things like depression, OCD, etc

18 What is Psychology? There are fads, shifts, and transitions with no clear defined sense of science as it is ever changing Loosely – psychology can be defined as: the science of behavior AND mental processes

19 Max Wertheimer Gestalt Psychology (gestalt =German for a form or a whole) Emphasizes human tendency to integrate pieces of information to meaningful wholes

20 Names and Famous Milestones to Know
Galileo – method of inquiry (transition to human-centered) Broca – French, discovers left area of frontal lobe in charge of language (called Broca’s area) G Stanley Hall – adolescence Hermann Ebbinghaus – forgetting curve/memory Titchener – structuralism (introspection) Sigmund Freud – psychoanalysis Wertheimer and Koffka – Gestalists Galen – first biochemist in the field Ivan Pavlov – conditioning (dog drool) Watson - behaviorist

21 Approaches to Psychology: The Big 5
Behavioral Humanist Biological Psychodynamic Cognitive Two newer approaches: 6. Sociocultural 7. Evolutionary/sociobiological

22 Approaches to Psychology
Why do people do that? Why do people behave that way? These are the 2 questions we are going to be answering per approach… keep them in mind!

23 BIOLOGICAL/NEUROBIOLOGICAL
Brain, body, genetics Answer: People do it because their brain/body chemicals, or lack thereof, cause them to do it

24 GENETIC-BEHAVIORAL Within groups, what is nature and what is nurture
Answer: People do it because their genetic predispositions cause them to do it

25 EVOLUTIONARY/SOCIOBIOLOGICAL
Which behaviors evolved to get genes to the next generation Answer: People do it because their internal drive to survive/pass on their DNA makes them do it

26 SOCIOCULTURAL Which behaviors derive from group membership Answer:
People do it because their culture/ethnic group/country/religion/peer group/family/society taught them that this is the way you do it

27 HUMANISTIC Free will, human growth and potential Answer:
People ALL have the ability to do it – everyone can choose to do it (agency in its pure form)

28 PSYCHOANALYTICAL/PSYCHODYNAMIC
Behavior is driven by unconscious impulses (sex and aggression) Answer: People do IT (fight, have sex) because it is all they ever unconsciously think about doing

29 COGNITIVE Thinking – how the brain acquires, stores, processes, and retrieves information Answer: Anyone can do it if they THINK they can do it; whether you think you can or you can’t, you’re right

30 DEVELOPMENTAL Predictable patterns of change throughout life Answer:
People do it when their age/stage of development allows them to be able to do it

31 TRAIT Individual differences result from differences in patterns of stable characteristics (i.e. personality traits – introverted vs. extroverted) Answer: People do it because that is simply WHO they are

32 So what do we do with all this mess?
We evaluate the three biggest issues in the field today – NATURE VS NURTURE STABILITY VS CHANGE RATIONAL VS IRRATIONAL

33 Oh it gets better… You can break down these fields into subfields depending on where your specialty/interests lie 1. Clinical psych – diagnose and treat severe disorders 2. Counseling psych – less severe disorders – anxiety, low-level depression, phobias 3. Psychiatry – branch of medicine – works with disorders and prescribes meds 4. School psych – test administration – severe cases – 5. Industrial Organization psych – workplace/human – human factors 6. Experimental psych – university – mice – details 7. Social psych – prejudice and stereotypes – group behavior 8. Developmental psych – geriatric 9. Psychometric psych – test designers – statistics – 10. Forensic psych – CSI – military operations 11. Sports psych 12. Psychophysics – relationship between physical stimuli and psychological experiences associated

Download ppt "The Old World’s Fascination with Abnormality:"

Similar presentations

Ok, so not quite 3 hours – just a (VERY BRIEF) – History of Psychology

Ok, so not quite 3 hours – just a (VERY BRIEF) – History of Psychology
Important Psychologists Chapter 1. Mary Whiton Calkins  Known for two things: 1. Becoming the first female president of the American Psychological Association.

Important Psychologists Chapter 1. Mary Whiton Calkins  Known for two things: 1. Becoming the first female president of the American Psychological Association.
The Basics Unit One. Origins of Psychology -Roots in ancient philosophy -Socrates – “ know thyself” -Plato – rely on thought and reason -Aristotle – rely.

The Basics Unit One. Origins of Psychology -Roots in ancient philosophy -Socrates – “ know thyself” -Plato – rely on thought and reason -Aristotle – rely.
Psychology: Unit 1: Intro and Research

Psychology: Unit 1: Intro and Research
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Psychology: An Introduction Benjamin Lahey11th Edition Slides by Kimberly Foreman.

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Psychology: An Introduction Benjamin Lahey11th Edition Slides by Kimberly Foreman.
UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOLOGY

UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOLOGY
The 7 PERSPECTIVES of Psychology. The Birth of Psychology Wilhelm Wundt - 1879 University of Leipzig – Psychology’s first experiment, birth of a science.

The 7 PERSPECTIVES of Psychology. The Birth of Psychology Wilhelm Wundt University of Leipzig – Psychology’s first experiment, birth of a science.
Myers’ Psychology for AP* David G. Myers. Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches.

Myers’ Psychology for AP* David G. Myers. Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches.
Homework Handout 1 – 2 – Switch the numbers for #8, 9, 10, 14, 17, 19, 20 For example, a 1 becomes a 7, a 5 becomes a 3 – Cross out #1, 2, 5, 11, and 15.

Homework Handout 1 – 2 – Switch the numbers for #8, 9, 10, 14, 17, 19, 20 For example, a 1 becomes a 7, a 5 becomes a 3 – Cross out #1, 2, 5, 11, and 15.
Learning Target(S): Define psychology and trace its historical development. Identify and apply the major modern perspectives/approaches.

Learning Target(S): Define psychology and trace its historical development. Identify and apply the major modern perspectives/approaches.
Myers’ Psychology for AP* David G. Myers. Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches.

Myers’ Psychology for AP* David G. Myers. Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches.
Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches

Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches
Psychology Elyria Catholic High School Mr. Malbasa.

Psychology Elyria Catholic High School Mr. Malbasa.
Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes.

Unit 1: Psychology’s History and Approaches. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle Rene Descartes.
A Short History of Psychology. Origins of Psychology Phrenology Greeks- 5 th & 6 th centuries B.C. –People’s lives were dominated not so much by gods.

A Short History of Psychology. Origins of Psychology Phrenology Greeks- 5 th & 6 th centuries B.C. –People’s lives were dominated not so much by gods.
Module 01: Psychology’s History. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: – Psychology has its roots in Ancient Greek Philosophy.

Module 01: Psychology’s History. Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Ancient Greeks: – Psychology has its roots in Ancient Greek Philosophy.
General Psychology Introduction to Psychology The Past, Present and Future the scientific study of Psychology: behavior and mental processes.

General Psychology Introduction to Psychology The Past, Present and Future the scientific study of Psychology: behavior and mental processes.
History and Approaches Review 2014. Its History The field is organized into waves – Schools of thought Each wave = a new school of thought.

History and Approaches Review Its History The field is organized into waves – Schools of thought Each wave = a new school of thought.
History of Psychology.

History of Psychology.
AP Psychology Quiz History of Psychology. The “First” Psychological Experiment Psamtik I of Ancient Egypt Conquered the Assyrians, revived art and architecture.

AP Psychology Quiz History of Psychology. The “First” Psychological Experiment Psamtik I of Ancient Egypt Conquered the Assyrians, revived art and architecture.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google