1. World History
Chapter Five “Rome & Rise of Christianity”
600 B.C. – A.D. 500

2. Section One: The Rise of Rome

3. Objectives
1. Discuss how the Romans conquered the plain of Latium, the Italian peninsula & then the entire Mediterranean world.
2. Explain how the Romans maintained control over their conquered lands.

4. I. The Land & Peoples of Italy
Italy is a peninsula about 750 miles long
Apennine Mts. run down the middle
Located in the Mediterranean Sea

7. The Land & Peoples of Italy
3 important plains for farming
1. Po River
2. plain of Latium, where Rome is located
3. plain of Campania

8. A. The Impact of Geography
Rome located 18 miles inland on the Tiber River
Easy access to the sea but safe from pirates
Built on 7 hills

10. The Impact of Geography
Italian peninsula was a natural stopping point for trade & travel
Important position in the Mediterranean

11. Indo-European group who settled in Latium Herders & farmers
B. The Peoples of Italy
1500 to 1000 B.C. / Latins
Indo-European group who settled in Latium
Herders & farmers

13. The Peoples of Italy 800 B.C. / Etruscans
Turned Rome from a village into a city & gave Romans their mode of dress – toga & short cloak
Organization of the Roman army

15. Etruscan tomb

16. Etruscan Sarcophagus

17. Etruscan writing

18. Etruscan Temple

19. The Peoples of Italy
Greeks settled in southern Italy / Sicily
Gave the Roman their alphabet & artistic models of sculpture, architecture & literature

21. II. The Roman Republic Early Rome ruled by kings, some Etruscan
509 B.C. overthrew the last Etruscan king
Republic – a form of government in which the leader is not a monarch & certain citizens have the right to vote

23. Enemies surrounded Rome
A. War & Conquest
Enemies surrounded Rome
264 B.C. defeated the states of Latium, the Greeks in the south & the last Etruscan settlements in the north

25. War & Conquest Roman confederation Latins had full citizenship
Other groups were allies who controlled their local affairs, but gave soldiers
Such people could become Roman citizens

27. B. Why Rome Was Successful
3 virtues: duty, courage & discipline
Livy Roman historian Cincinnatus gave examples

29. Why Rome Was Successful
Good diplomats
Extending Roman citizenship & allowing states to run internal affairs
Skilled persistent soldiers & brilliant strategists

30. Why Rome Was Successful
Built towns & connected them with roads
Allowing soldiers to be deployed quickly
Law & politics, Roman were practical & created institutions that responded to problems

31. Built a different form of government
III. The Roman State
Distrusted kingship
Built a different form of government

32. A. The Government of Rome
Two groups:
1. Patricians – great landowners, who became Rome’s ruling class
2. Plebeians – landholders, craftspeople, merchants & small farmers
Only patricians elected to public office

33. Patrician carrying busts of his ancestors in a parade

34. The Government of Rome
Chief executive officers
Consuls (2) – ran the government & led the Roman army into battle
Praetors – in charge of civil law

35. The Government of Rome Senate, about 300 patricians served for life
Centuriate assembly, elected consuls & praetors & passed laws
Organized by classes based on wealth

37. B. The Struggle of the Orders
Plebeians wanted political & social equality
Fought in the army to protect Rome

38. The Struggle of the Orders
471 B.C. Council of the plebs created Officials called the Tribunes of the plebs empowered to protect the plebeians
287 B.C. Council received the right to pass laws
Still dominated by wealthy ruling class

39. C. Roman Law First code of law, Twelve Tables
Law of Nations, dealt with Roman & non-Roman legal questions
Standards of justice applied to all people equally & used principles recognized today

40. about 100 years
the adoption of “The Twelve Tablets”
509 B.C.

41. Law of Nations
Innocent until proven otherwise
The accused has a right to a defense before a judge
Judges should decide cases based on evidence

42. IV. Rome Conquers the Mediterranean
Faced a strong power in Carthage
Had a large trading empire
Began a long struggle in 264 B.C. to control the Mediterranean

43. A. The First Punic War
Rome vs. Carthage
Rome defeated Carthage in a navy battle in 241 B.C.
Sicily became Rome’s first province

45. 1st Punic War

46. The First Punic War
Sent Hannibal the greatest Carthaginian general to start the second Punic War

47. B. The Second Punic War
Hannibal brought war to the Romans
Entered Spain moved east crossing the Alps
40,000 men, 6,000 horses & elephants

50. Hannibal

51. The Second Punic War
216 B.C. at Cannae Rome lost an army of 40,000 men
Hannibal remained free to roam Italy
By 206 B.C. had pushed the Carthaginians out of Spain

52. The Second Punic War Rome decided to invade Carthage
Forced Carthaginians to recall Hannibal from Italy
At the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C. Romans crushed Hannibal’s forces

54. C. More Conquests
50 years later, Rome fought a 3rd Punic War
146 B.C. Roman soldiers sacked Carthage
Conquered Macedonia & Greece

56. Ruins of Carthage

57. Rome’s new empire