1. The Roman Republic 509 BCE – 30 BCE

2. The Roman Republic – Notes (page 3)

3. Expanding the Roman Republic Overthrowing _____________ ____________________________ _______________________________ _____________________________ ________________________

4. Expanding the Roman Republic Overthrowing the Etruscan king _______________ and setting up a republic were great accomplishments for the Romans - __________________ ________________________

5. Expanding the Roman Republic Overthrowing the Etruscan king (Tarquin the Proud) and setting up a republic were great accomplishments for the Romans - __________________ ________________________

6. Expanding the Roman Republic Overthrowing the Etruscan king (Tarquin the Proud) and setting up a republic were great accomplishments for the Romans – they wanted to_______ ________________________

7. Expanding the Roman Republic Overthrowing the Etruscan king (Tarquin the Proud) and setting up a republic were great accomplishments for the Romans – they wanted to preserve and protect the Roman Republic

8. As the __________________ _____________________________ ___________

9. As the Roman Republic became established, it moved toward_______ ____________

10. As the Roman Republic became established, it moved toward conquest and expansion.

11. Reasons for conquest and expansion (1) ______________ (2) _______________________ __________ (3) _____________________ ______

12. Reasons for conquest and expansion (1) need for security (2) _______________________ __________ (3) _____________________ ______

13. Reasons for conquest and expansion (1) need for security (2) increase in population → need for more land (3) _____________________ ______

14. Reasons for conquest and expansion (1) need for security (2) increase in population → need for more land (3) more land → ___________ ______

15. Reasons for conquest and expansion (1) need for security (2) increase in population → need for more land (3) more land → need for more workers

16. (4) ________________ (5) _____________ (6) _______________ (7) ____________________ ______

17. (4) desire for new ideas (5) _____________ (6) _______________ (7) ____________________ ______

18. (4) desire for new ideas (5) hunger for power (6) greed and ambition (7) ____________________ ______

19. (4) desire for new ideas (5) hunger for power (6) greed and ambition (7) aggressive nature (love of fighting)

20. By 275 BCE, ___________________ ______________________________

21. By 275 BCE, the _____ Peninsula was conquered (this includes the _______)

22. By 275 BCE, the Italian Peninsula was conquered (this includes the _______)

23. By 275 BCE, the Italian Peninsula was conquered (this includes the Etruscans)

25. Expanding the Roman Republic – The Army The ____________________________ ______________________________ ________

26. Expanding the Roman Republic – The Army The _________ was largely responsible for the republic’s success in conquering new lands.

27. Expanding the Roman Republic – The Army The Roman army was largely responsible for the republic’s success in conquering new lands.

28. Roman soldiers were _______ soldiers - ________________________________ __

29. Roman soldiers were excellent soldiers - ________________________________ __

30. Roman soldiers were excellent soldiers – they obeyed authority without questioning it.

31. The legion (1) _________________________ _______ (2) _______________________ ________

32. The legion (1) the legion was _____________ _______ (2) _______________________ ________

33. The legion (1) the legion was the basic unit of the army (2) _______________________ ________

34. The legion (1) the legion was the basic unit of the army (2) individual soldiers were called ________

35. The legion (1) the legion was the basic unit of the army (2) individual soldiers were called legionaries

36. (3) There were ____________ legionaries in each legion

37. (3) There were 4,000 to 6,000 legionaries in each legion

39. Oh yeah. There’s more of us!

40. …and more…

41. …and more. Get the picture?

42. Legionaries _________________ _____________________________ __________________________ (1) _____________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______ (2) _____________________ ____________________ _____

43. Legionaries had high _____ (high fighting spirit) - _______________ __________________________ (1) _____________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______ (2) _____________________ ____________________ _____

44. Legionaries had high morale (high fighting spirit) - _______________ __________________________ (1) _____________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______ (2) _____________________ ____________________ _____

45. Legionaries had high morale (high fighting spirit) – motivated by harsh punishments and generous rewards (1) _____________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______ (2) _____________________ ____________________ _____

47. Legionaries had high morale (high fighting spirit) – motivated by harsh punishments and generous rewards (1) _____________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______ (2) _____________________ ____________________ _____

48. Legionaries had high morale (high fighting spirit) – motivated by harsh punishments and generous rewards (1) ________ – execute every 10 th man in the legion if they showed cowardice or mutinied (revolted) (2) _____________________ ____________________ _____

49. Legionaries had high morale (high fighting spirit) – motivated by harsh punishments and generous rewards (1) decimation – execute every 10 th man in the legion if they showed cowardice or mutinied (revolted) (2) _____________________ ____________________ _____

50. Legionaries had high morale (high fighting spirit) – motivated by harsh punishments and generous rewards (1) decimation – execute every 10 th man in the legion if they showed cowardice or mutinied (revolted) (2) __________ – given to 1 st man to take the wall in an assault

51. Legionaries had high morale (high fighting spirit) – motivated by harsh punishments and generous rewards (1) decimation – execute every 10 th man in the legion if they showed cowardice or mutinied (revolted) (2) crown of gold – given to 1 st man to take the wall in an assault

52. At first, ____________________ ________ (1) eventually, ________________ _______________________ (2) after _________________ _______________________ ________________________ ____________

53. At first, the army was made up of ________ (1) eventually, ________________ _______________________ (2) after _________________ _______________________ ________________________ ____________

54. At first, the army was made up of volunteers (1) eventually, ________________ _______________________ (2) after _________________ _______________________ ________________________ ____________

55. At first, the army was made up of volunteers (1) eventually, lower class and non- Romans were allowed to fight (2) after 25 years of service, a soldier could _____________ ________________________ ____________

56. At first, the army was made up of volunteers (1) eventually, lower class and non- Romans were allowed to fight (2) after 25 years of service, a soldier could retire - ______ _______________________ ____________

57. At first, the army was made up of volunteers (1) eventually, lower class and non- Romans were allowed to fight (2) after 25 years of service, a soldier could retire – he would get ____________________ ____________

58. At first, the army was made up of volunteers (1) eventually, lower class and non- Romans were allowed to fight (2) after 25 years of service, a soldier could retire – he would get a pension and a plot of land on the frontier

59. Army built ____________________ ___________ (1) ____________________

60. Army built roads to _____________ ___________ (1) ____________________

61. Army built roads to connect all parts of the country (1) they lasted for _______

62. Army built roads to connect all parts of the country (1) they lasted for centuries

63. ____________________________ ______

64. _____________ – special guard for Emperor

65. Praetorian Guard – special guard for Emperor

66. Warfare tactics that were unique to the Romans (1) _____________________ ______________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________ (a) _______________________

67. Warfare tactics that were unique to the Romans (1) _____________________ ________ – soldiers overlap shields over their heads as well as in the front and on the sides of a large unit of men (a) _______________________

68. Warfare tactics that were unique to the Romans (1) tortoise formation (testudo formation) – soldiers overlap shields over their heads as well as in the front and on the sides of a large unit of men (a) _______________________

69. Warfare tactics that were unique to the Romans (1) tortoise formation (testudo formation) – soldiers overlap shields over their heads as well as in the front and on the sides of a large unit of men (a) this offered great protection

70. tortoise formation (testudo formation)

71. (2) weapons included ___________ ___________

72. (2) weapons included _______ – to throw objects

73. (2) weapons included catapults – to throw objects

74. catapult

75. (3) _____________________________

76. (3) encampments (____) built on frontier

77. (3) encampments (forts) built on frontier

78. Can you name the group? (please don’t call it out)

79. (4) __________

80. (4) built bridges

81. Overall Policy of the Expanding Roman Republic ___________________ Senatus Populusque Romanus “The Senate and the People of Rome”

82. Overall Policy of the Expanding Roman Republic Divide, conquer, and rule Senatus Populusque Romanus “The Senate and the People of Rome”

83. Romans _____________________ ____ (1) _________________________ _________________

84. Romans treated conquered enemies ____ (1) ________________________ _________________

85. Romans treated conquered enemies fairly (1) ________________________ _________________

86. Romans treated conquered enemies fairly (1) enemies became allies and proud to be a part of Rome

87. Romans often ___________ Next – The Punic Wars

88. Romans often made treaties Next – The Punic Wars

89. The Punic Wars The Struggle for Mastery of the Mediterranean World

90. The Roman Republic – Notes (page 4)

91. The Punic Wars Introduction – Before the War (1) By 275 BCE, Rome ruled ___ __________________ (2) _______________________ __________________________ _____________________ ________________________

92. The Punic Wars Introduction – Before the War (1) By 275 BCE, Rome ruled the entire Italian Peninsula (2) _______________________ __________________________ _____________________ ________________________

93. The Punic Wars Introduction – Before the War (1) By 275 BCE, Rome ruled the entire Italian Peninsula (2) Carthage ruled ___________ __________________________ _____________________ ________________________

94. The Punic Wars Introduction – Before the War (1) By 275 BCE, Rome ruled the entire Italian Peninsula (2) Carthage ruled most of North Africa and West Africa, part of Spain, some islands off the coast of Italy, & western Sicily

95. The Punic Wars Introduction – Before the War (1) By 275 BCE, Rome ruled the entire Italian Peninsula (2) Carthage ruled most of North Africa and West Africa, part of Spain, some islands off the coast of Italy, & western Sicily

97. Why did the war start? (1) ___________________________ (2) ________________________

98. Why did the war start? (1) Rome felt threatened by Carthage (2) ________________________

99. Why did the war start? (1) Rome felt threatened by Carthage (2) Rome wanted Sicily’s granaries

100. The First Punic War ___________ (1) _________________________ (2) _______________________

101. The First Punic War (264-241 BCE) (1) _________________________ (2) _______________________

102. The First Punic War (264-241 BCE) (1) Carthage’s strength – ________ (2) _______________________

103. The First Punic War (264-241 BCE) (1) Carthage’s strength – navy (sea) (2) _______________________

104. The First Punic War (264-241 BCE) (1) Carthage’s strength – navy (sea) (2) Rome’s strength – ________

105. The First Punic War (264-241 BCE) (1) Carthage’s strength – navy (sea) (2) Rome’s strength – army (land)

106. (2) Romans built __________________ ______________ (a) _________________________ ___________________

107. (2) Romans built their first _________ to battle Carthage (a) _________________________ ___________________

108. (2) Romans built their first fleet (navy) to battle Carthage (a) _________________________ ___________________

109. (2) Romans built their first fleet (navy) to battle Carthage (a) modeled ships after _________ ___________________

110. (2) Romans built their first fleet (navy) to battle Carthage (a) modeled ships after Carthaginian ships with 1 improvement

111. * _____ – ________________________ - ______________________ _____

112. * _____ – movable bridge on front of ship - turned land battles into ___ _____

113. * corvus – movable bridge on front of ship - turned land battles into ___ _____

114. * corvus – movable bridge on front of ship - turned sea battles into land battles

115. (3) _______________________ (a) ______________

116. (3) ____ won the First Punic War (a) gained _________

117. (3) Rome won the First Punic War (a) gained _________

118. (3) Rome won the First Punic War (a) gained all of Sicily

119. The Second Punic War ___________ (1) ______________________ Hannibal Barca

120. The Second Punic War (218-201 BCE) (1) ______________________ Hannibal Barca

121. The Second Punic War (218-201 BCE) (1) Carthage’s leader - ______ Hannibal Barca

122. The Second Punic War (218-201 BCE) (1) Carthage’s leader - Hannibal Hannibal Barca

123. Hannibal

124. (2) Carthage __________________ ____________ (a) ______________________ ______________

125. (2) Carthage attacked Rome ______ ____________ (a) ______________________ ______________

126. (2) Carthage attacked Rome by land ____________ (a) ______________________ ______________

127. (2) Carthage attacked Rome by land from the north (a) ______________________ ______________

128. (2) Carthage attacked Rome by land from the north (a) marched from Spain through Gaul and over Alps

130. (b) unique fact – ________________

131. (b) unique fact – brought __ elephants

132. (b) unique fact – brought 37 elephants

135. (3) Hannibal’s army _____________ _________________________ ___________________________ __________________________

136. (3) Hannibal’s army ___ every battle against Rome, ______________ ___________________________ __________________________

137. (3) Hannibal’s army won every battle against Rome, ______________ ___________________________ __________________________

138. (3) Hannibal’s army won every battle against Rome, all the way to the gates of Rome – unable to capture Rome because ______________

139. (3) Hannibal’s army won every battle against Rome, all the way to the gates of Rome – unable to capture Rome because no siege equipment

141. (4) for 15 years __________________ ______________________

142. (4) for 15 years Hannibal raided/burned towns and land in south Italy

143. (5) Rome _______________________ (a) _______________________ _______________________

144. (5) Rome attacked ____, near Carthage (a) _______________________ _______________________

145. (5) Rome attacked Zama, near Carthage (a) _______________________ _______________________

146. (5) Rome attacked Zama, near Carthage (a) Hannibal returned home – ___ _______________________

147. (5) Rome attacked Zama, near Carthage (a) Hannibal returned home – lost his first battle (and the war)

148. (6) _________________________ (a) __________________ __________________________

149. (6) ____ won the Second Punic War (a) gained _____________ __________________________

150. (6) Rome won the Second Punic War (a) gained _____________ __________________________

151. (6) Rome won the Second Punic War (a) gained all of Carthage’s territories (including Spain) and _

152. (6) Rome won the Second Punic War (a) gained all of Carthage’s territories (including Spain) and $

153. The Third Punic War ___________ (1) _______________________ (2) ________________________ __________________ III

154. The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE) (1) _______________________ (2) ________________________ __________________ III

155. The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE) (1) there was peace for 50 years (2) ________________________ __________________ III

156. The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE) (1) there was peace for 50 years (2) then, Carthage began to regain power – ___________ III

157. The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE) (1) there was peace for 50 years (2) then, Carthage began to regain power – Rome attacked III

158. (a) Rome _____________ (b) Rome _____________________ _________________ (c) Rome _____________________ _____________

159. (a) Rome burned Carthage (b) Rome _____________________ _________________ (c) Rome _____________________ _____________

160. (a) Rome burned Carthage (b) Rome sowed salt into the ground so nothing would grow (c) Rome _____________________ _____________

161. (a) Rome burned Carthage (b) Rome sowed salt into the ground so nothing would grow (c) Rome killed Carthaginians or sold them into slavery

163. (3) ________________________ Other areas ____________________ (1) _____ (2) ________ (3) ____ ***Bottom Line – __________________ ___________________ ________________ http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Roman_Empire_ map.gif&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_map.gif&usg=__mAZmjDsCoR- Of5oyVE0zJtEVTxo=&h=760&w=800&sz=92&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=DBj2L9Gde3hR0M:&tbnh=136& tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Droman%2Bempire%2Bmap%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26um%3D1

164. (3) ____ won the Third Punic War Other areas ____________________ (1) _____ (2) ________ (3) ____ ***Bottom Line – __________________ ___________________ ________________ http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Roman_Empire_ map.gif&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_map.gif&usg=__mAZmjDsCoR- Of5oyVE0zJtEVTxo=&h=760&w=800&sz=92&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=DBj2L9Gde3hR0M:&tbnh=136& tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Droman%2Bempire%2Bmap%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26um%3D1

165. (3) Rome won the Third Punic War Other areas ____________________ (1) _____ (2) ________ (3) ____ ***Bottom Line – __________________ ___________________ ________________ http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Roman_Empire_ map.gif&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_map.gif&usg=__mAZmjDsCoR- Of5oyVE0zJtEVTxo=&h=760&w=800&sz=92&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=DBj2L9Gde3hR0M:&tbnh=136& tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Droman%2Bempire%2Bmap%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26um%3D1

166. (3) Rome won the Third Punic War Other areas ruled by Rome by 146 BCE (1) _____ (2) ________ (3) ____ ***Bottom Line – __________________ ___________________ ________________ http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Roman_Empire_ map.gif&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_map.gif&usg=__mAZmjDsCoR- Of5oyVE0zJtEVTxo=&h=760&w=800&sz=92&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=DBj2L9Gde3hR0M:&tbnh=136& tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Droman%2Bempire%2Bmap%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26um%3D1

167. (3) Rome won the Third Punic War Other areas ruled by Rome by 146 BCE (1) Greece (2) ________ (3) ____ ***Bottom Line – __________________ ___________________ ________________ http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Roman_Empire_ map.gif&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_map.gif&usg=__mAZmjDsCoR- Of5oyVE0zJtEVTxo=&h=760&w=800&sz=92&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=DBj2L9Gde3hR0M:&tbnh=136& tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Droman%2Bempire%2Bmap%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26um%3D1

168. (3) Rome won the Third Punic War Other areas ruled by Rome by 146 BCE (1) Greece (2) Macedonia (3) ____ ***Bottom Line – __________________ ___________________ ________________ http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Roman_Empire_ map.gif&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_map.gif&usg=__mAZmjDsCoR- Of5oyVE0zJtEVTxo=&h=760&w=800&sz=92&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=DBj2L9Gde3hR0M:&tbnh=136& tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Droman%2Bempire%2Bmap%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26um%3D1

169. (3) Rome won the Third Punic War Other areas ruled by Rome by 146 BCE (1) Greece (2) Macedonia (3) Syria ***Bottom Line – __________________ ___________________ ________________ http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Roman_Empire_ map.gif&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_map.gif&usg=__mAZmjDsCoR- Of5oyVE0zJtEVTxo=&h=760&w=800&sz=92&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=DBj2L9Gde3hR0M:&tbnh=136& tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Droman%2Bempire%2Bmap%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26um%3D1

170. (3) Rome won the Third Punic War Other areas ruled by Rome by 146 BCE (1) Greece (2) Macedonia (3) Syria ***Bottom Line – By 146 BCE, Rome was the leading power in the Mediterranean world http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Roman_Empire_ map.gif&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_map.gif&usg=__mAZmjDsCoR- Of5oyVE0zJtEVTxo=&h=760&w=800&sz=92&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=DBj2L9Gde3hR0M:&tbnh=136& tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Droman%2Bempire%2Bmap%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26um%3D1

171. (1) Hand-backs Go Over Quest (2) Current Events this Friday (3) Presentations this Friday (4) New & Goods