1. T HE F OUNDATION AND G EOGRAPHY OF R OME

2. R OMAN L OCATION Small Italian city- state Central on Italian peninsula Influence of Rivers Northern Alps Mediterranean Sea

4. F ORMING R OME … Myth of Romulus and Remus Latins move onto peninsula around 800 BC and establish Rome as a town… Greek Influence = trade, technology, crops, alphabet, culture Etruscan Influence = arch, army Patricians expelled the Etruscans (ruled under King Tarquin) = established the Roman Republic in 509 BC !

5. R OMULUS AND R EMUS

7. W AR AND C ONQUEST Rome surrounded = conquers Latin states in 338 BC, by 264 BC overtakes the Greeks and Etruscans Latin's allowed full citizenship Roman Confederation = allowed to rule locally, but must give Rome soldiers SUCCESS? = good diplomats, great military (with great infrastructure), practical in sense of law and government … incorporation of conquered peoples – they “buy into” Rome!

8. F EATURES OF C ITIZENSHIP Patricians = wealthy land owners Plebian Men = merchants, farmers, artisans Selected foreigners allowed to become citizens to promote loyalty to Rome Taxes and Military Service = Roman Citizens’ Duties Rome develops into a representative democracy over time…

9. R OMAN R EPUBLIC Senate – 300 members Centuriate Assembly Consuls – 2 elected members Plebian Assembly and Tribunes Twelve Tables Law of Nations Slavery in Rome

11. R OMAN E XPANSION Rome moves toward an empire… 3 Punic Wars Competition for trade 2 nd War with Hannibal Roman victory = Carthage destroyed 133 BC – Spain to Asia Mediterranean basin Western Europe (Gaul, British Isles)