1. Rome’s Geography and Early Settlement Rome was protected by hills, benefited from a river, and was in the center of the known Western world. For a time it was ruled by Etruscans, who gave the Romans their alphabet, many of their gods, and their style of dress. 1 of 4 The Rise of Ancient Rome Section 1: The Roman Republic MapMaster: Peoples of Ancient Italy

2. Romans Form a Republic After throwing off the Etruscan kings, the Romans conquered the entire Italian peninsula and formed a republic. The government was dominated by the 300-person Senate. The chief executives were the two consuls, though a dictator could be appointed in an emergency. The plebeians fought for power with the patricians. Roman armies began to further expand Rome’s territory. 2 of 4 The Rise of Ancient Rome Section 1: The Roman Republic

3. The Decline of the Republic During a time of unrest, Julius Caesar rose to power and became dictator—for life. The senators didn’t like Caesar’s king-like status and some of them assassinated him. After a 13-year civil war, Octavian became Rome’s first emperor. 3 of 4 The Rise of Ancient Rome Section 1: The Roman Republic Section Reading Support Transparency

4. The Rise of Ancient Rome: Section 1 Section Reading Support Transparency 4 of 4