1. Europe Ancient Governments and Empires

2. Ancient Government/Society Greeks – Society Originated from the Minoans and Mycenaean's City states called Polis Homer: Famous storyteller (Iliad and Odyssey) Olympic Games: Athletic Events to please Gods Athens (Thinkers) vs. Sparta (Warriors) Greeks vs. Persians Peloponnesian War: Athens vs. Sparta (winner)

5. Ancient Government/Society Greeks – Government Began as Aristocracy (city states controlled by nobles) Hoplite: New soldier that helped decrease noble power Tyrants: Transition leaders that brought change (over time they grew brutal) Popular Government: Idea that people should and could rule themselves (began in some parts of Greece) Democracy: Govt. in which the citizens take part – Athens became one; not all places followed suit – It was only to those that were male full citizens

7. Ancient Government/Society Greeks – Philosophers Philosophy: Study of reality and human existence Socrates: One of the first, people should think for themselves, executed for his beliefs Plato: Socrates student, founded a school called the Academy that taught the works of Socrates. Taught in dialogues. Aristotle: Plato’s student, things should be studied logically. A lot of his works are used in modern science and medicine.

9. Ancient Government and Society Greeks – Philosophers Pythagoras: World could be explained by math Hippocrates: Founder of medical science Herodotus: First western historian – Theater Drama: Plays containing action, dialogue, emotion – Tragedies: Main character struggles against fate – Comedies: Made fun of people or ideas

11. Ancient Governments/Society Greek Empire – Alexander the Great Son of Phillip II of Macedon Conquered most of middle east, parts of Asia and Africa Hellenistic Culture: Combination of Greek, Mediterranean, and Asian ways of life. Greeks ruled this area for around 200 years.

13. Ancient Government and Society Romans – Society Originated with Latin's and Etruscans – Government Republic: Government where voters elect officials to run the state. 3 Parts of Roman Republic – Senate: Most influential and powerful, $ and War – Magistrates: Elected officials (Controlled day to day) – Assemblies: Voted on Laws, watched over other 2 branches

14. Ancient Governments and Society Romans – Government terms used today Veto: Refuse to Approve Checks and Balances: Prevents one part of the government from becoming too powerful – Republic Growth Rome won 3 Wars with rival Carthage (Punic Wars) Rome began to get too big, republic was not working Transitioned into the Roman Empire

15. Ancient Governments and Society Romans – Empire Many different groups fighting each other for control Julius Caesar: very popular, named dictator for life. Killed by people close to him (jealous senators) Octavian: “Augustus” was a relative of Caesar, called himself the first citizen. Greatly expanded the size of Rome’s Empire. Eventually the Roman Empire fell apart – Invaders (Goths, Vandals, Franks, Huns) – Political/Military Weakness, Economic Decline, Social Change

18. Ancient Governments and Society Franks – Empire Next Empire after the Romans Middle Ages/Medieval Period (400-1500) Clovis: First King of the Franks, invaded into present day France Charlemagne: Ruled from 768-814; built a huge empire that spread Christianity. Advanced the way of life throughout Europe. (Education, government, etc) Fell apart due to his son (Louis) and invasions (Vikings)