1. The Earth in Space`-
The Earth in Space

2. The Solar System
Our solar system consists of nine planets ( now eight)
Earth is the third planet from the sun

3. Solar System Every planet travels on a path known as their ORBIT.
An orbit is a elliptical shape (stretched out circle)
Every planet takes a different amount of time to complete their orbit
Earth takes 365 ¼ days to go around the sun once.

4. The Planets Earth like Planets Mercury Venus Mars Pluto Solid Small
No or few moons
Spin slowly
Jupiter like Planets
Jupiter
Saturn
Neptune
Uranus
Balls of gas
Spin rapidly
Many moons
Surrounding rings

6. The Sun 93 million miles away from earth Made of hot gases
Temperature – 27 million degrees Fahrenheit
The sun gives off the light and warmth without it life would not exist.

7. The Sun and the Seasons
The earth is tilted on an angle of 23 ½ degrees on its axis
Due to this tilt we get the four seasons (diagram on page 31 in your book)
As the earth orbits around the sun, the sun light hits the northern and southern hemispheres differently
When the sun is hitting the hemisphere directly then you are receiving strong rays and the warmth of summer
Slanted rays means that it is winter

8. Summer Solstice
Summer Solstice – June 21st North Pole is tilted toward the sun and at noon at the Tropic of Cancer the sun is directly overhead.
-In Northern hemisphere only
- longest day of sunlight fewest hours of darkness
-In Southern Hemisphere it is the beginning of winter

10. Winter Solstice
Winter Solstice – December 22 North Pole is tilted away from the sun and the at noon the sun is overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn
In Northern Hemisphere only
This is the day with the shortest hours of daylight and longest hours of darkness.
This day is the beginning of summer in the southern hemisphere

12. Spring & Fall Equinoxes
Spring Equinox – Vernal Equinox – March 22
Fall Equinox – Autumnal Equinox - September 23
Midway between the two solstice
The days and nights are of equal lenghts.
On both of these days the moon shines directly over the equator

15. The Sun

23. The Earth Third planet from the sun
Has only 1 moon compared to Jupiter who as the most of any planet, and Mercury and Venus which have no moons
The earth is 75% water 25% land
Consists of 7 continents
Only planet thus far that has life on it

24. Composition of the Earth
Core- inner core- solid
Outer core- liquid- iron
Mantle – middle layer between the crust and the core
Crust – outermost layer, 25 miles thick beneath the continents
Light and brittle layer

25. Earth’s Movement
Like all other planets, earth spins on its axis – the imaginary line that runs through the earths center between the north and south poles.
Earth takes 24 hours to spin fully around on its axis thus we have 24 hour days.
As the earth turns on its axis it has part of the planet facing the sun where it is daytime an part turned from the sun where it is night time.

26. Earth’s Movement Con’t
The earth revolves around the sun as it rotates on its axis. This revolution around the sun takes 365 ¼ days.
The revolution around the sun is what we call 1 year.
The extra ¼ of the year is added up and gives us a leap year.
Leap year is always February 29th.

28. The Atmosphere
The atmosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding the earth.
It consists mainly of nitrogen and oxygen
Life on earth depends partly on the atmosphere
There are 5 layers
Troposphere – where all weather occurs (people, plants and animals live here)
Stratosphere – goes into the sky and is the ozone layer
Mesosphere – above the earths surface
Thermosphere – gets higher the further you go because it gets closer to the sun
Exosphere – furthest layer of the atmosphere together with the thermosphere make the upper atmosphere

29. The Atmospheres Purpose
Contains 99% nitrogen and oxygen which is needed for life
Holds in the suns heat in order to keep life (greenhouse) without the atmosphere earth would be too cold for many things to live
Reflects some heat back into the atmosphere keeping the earth from becoming too warm
Shields dangerous sun rays

31. The Planets

32. Mercury

33. Mercury Closest planet to the sun
1/3 the size of the earth (2nd smallest planet, now the smallest)
It has no moons
Length of year is 88 days
800 degrees in the daytime, -300 degrees in the night time

34. Venus

35. Venus 2nd planet from the sun
Sixth largest (slightly smaller than earth)
Sometimes known as earth’s sister planet because they are similar in size, density, and volume.
Has a very slow rotation 243 earth days per venus days.
Temperature 900 degrees Fahrenheit

36. Earth

37. Earth
365 ¼ days per year
Only planet with life
Varying temperatures

38. Mars

39. Mars The Red Planet Contains the largest mountain in the solar system
4th planet from the sun
7th largest planet
½ the size of the earth
1 day on Mars is 24 hours just like EARTH!
2 tiny moons

40. Jupiter

41. Jupiter 5th planet from the sun
By far the largest planet more than twice the size of all the planets combined
4 very large moons
Gas planet – 90% hydrogen, 10%helium

42. Saturn

43. Saturn 2nd largest planet in the solar system 6th planet from the sun
Length of year is equal to earth years
Days are 10 h and 39.4 minutes long
Gas planet
Has a series of rings around it
33 moons

44. Saturn’s Rings
Ring Name: D Distance*: km Width: 7,500 km Ring Name: B Distance*: km Width: 25,500 km Thickness: 0.1 km - 1 km Mass: 0.1 kg Albedo: 0.65
Ring Name: A Distance*: km Width: 14,600 km Thickness: 0.1 km - 1 km Mass: 0.1 kg Albedo: 0.60
Ring Name: F Distance*: km Width: 30 km km
Ring Name: G Distance*: km Width: 8,000 km Thickness: 100 km - 1,000 km Mass: 100 kg
Ring Name: E Distance*: km Width: 300,000 km Thickness: 1,000 km Mass: 1,000 kg

45. Uranus

46. Uranus 7th planet from the sun 3rd largest planet 27 moons
Ring system surrounding it

47. Neptune

48. Neptune 8th planet from the sun 4th largest
Composition – various ices and rock
Bluish color comes from methane gas
Crosses orbits with pluto at times making it the farthest planet from the sun for several months.
13 moons
Has rings but they are not as bright and colorful as Saturn’s because they are made of rock and dust mostly

49. Pluto

50. Pluto 9th planet from the sun Smallest planet
Pluto has just recently been taken off of the list of the planets and made into a dwarf planet due to its small size

51. ERIS