1. The Study of Matter and Energy
Physics

2. Energy A measure of the ability to produce change
Property of an object or system of objects
Measured in Joules (SI system of measurement)

3. Energy Storage Mechanisms
Electrical Energy
Elastic (Potential) Energy
Kinetic Energy
Gravitational (Potential) Energy
Photon Energy
Chemical (Potential) Energy
Interaction Energy

4. Mechanical Energy
Energy associated with an object (or system of objects) due to the object’s motion and or position.
Usually includes Kinetic, Gravitational, and Elastic Energy

5. Gravitational Energy (Eg)
Energy stored in a system due to its position above a reference point (usually the lowest point possible)

6. Elastic Energy (Eela)
Energy stored in a system due to the stretching or compression of an elastic material.
Usually measured from a “at rest” position

7. Kinetic Energy (Ek)
Energy stored in a system due to motion

8. Energy of Pendulum
Describe the mechanical energy associated with the pendulum at positions A, B, and C A C B

9. Energy Transfer
Energy can be transferred from a source object to a receiver object within a system
Energy can also be transferred from a source within the system to a receiver outside the system

10. Energy Transfer
The energy associated with an object can be transferred from one storage mechanism to another
For example, the kinetic energy associated with the pendulum at position B is transferred to gravitational energy as it swings upward toward position C.

11. Dissipated Energy (Ediss)
Energy stored in a system due to random particle motion as a result of friction
Considered “unrecoverable”

12. System Identification
Arbitrary but necessary to describe situation accurately
Choosing a large system means more energy transfers within the system and less energy transfers across system boundaries.

13. Energy Transfer
Energy can be transferred into or out of a system by three processes: Working, Radiating, and Heating

14. Heating (Q)
Transfer of energy across a system boundary due to a temperature gradient (difference in temperature)

15. Radiating (R)
Transfer of energy across a system boundary by photons (Electromagnetic waves)

16. Working (W)
Transfer of energy across a system boundary by a force

17. Energy Conservation Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Energy of the universe is constant
Any change in energy (ΔE) has to be accounted for

18. 1st Law of Thermodynamics
The change in energy of an object or system is equal to the energy transferred into or out of the object / system

19. Energy Pie Charts
Qualitatively represents changes in energy storage as a system undergoes some process
Represent conservation of Energy and the 1st Law of Thermodynamics
A bullet fired from a gun travels through the air and strikes a target Ek
Ediss
Energy of bullet after striking target
Energy of bullet before striking target
Rest of energy transferred to target

20. Energy Bar Graphs
Energy of an object / system is illustrated using bars
Energy transferred into or out of the object / system is illustrated using a energy flow diagram
After striking Target
Before striking Target
Bullet Ek Eg
Eela
Ediss Ek Eg
Eela
Ediss
To target