1. Guided Notes – Ancient Rome
200 years a Kingdom-500 years a republic – 500 years an empire

3. King of Macedonia died in 323 B.C.
His general split the empire into 3 parts – Macedonia, Egypt and Persia
Power shifted from Greece on the Balkan Peninsula to Rome on the Italian Peninsula
Alexander the Great

4. The “Latin's or Romans” migrated from over the Alps into Italy in about 800 B.C. - they were herders and farmers
People settled near the Tiber River
An area of 7 hills for defense and nice place to live
Near water but not on the coast
Rome 18 miles from the sea
Peoples of Italy

5. Another group of people was called the Etruscans- they ruled much of central Italy
Etruscans brought Greek ideas to Rome
After 100 years of rule- In 509 B.C. Romans drove the Etruscans out and set up a Republic form of government
Republic means of the people
Forum grew in the center of town for trade and public discussion
Etruscans

6. Rome’s geography ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Protected by mountains
Apennine Mountains are not hard to travel through for travel
Peninsula –great for trade
DISADVANTAGES
Separated from the rest of Europe by Alps
Open for enemy attacks due to coastline and Apennine Mountains
Rome’s geography

7. Rome Forms a Republic
After removing the Etruscan kings, Rome vowed to never have a king again
A republic gave citizens the right to vote for their leaders

8. Roman Class system Patricians were the wealthy aristocrats
Plebeians were the merchants and farmers
Slaves were popular but not considered citizens
Roman Class system

9. Roman Republic The Romans used the three best governments they knew:
monarchy
aristocracy
Democracy
Roman Republic

10. Roman Republic CONSULS Monarchy
2 consuls who served one year terms and could veto each other’s decisions
DUTIES: command army, ran government, appoint dictator in times of emergency
LIMITS: only could serve one year terms
Roman Republic

11. Senate SENATE Aristocracy
330 member Senate (eventually spread to Plebs)
DUTIES: controlled budget, proposed and passed laws
LIMITS: could not control army
CENSORS:
Took census; upheld laws (courts)
PRAETORS:
Made laws; served as military commanders
Senate

12. Tribunes (the plebs get power!)
ASSEMBLIES
Democracy
TRIBUNES(35 tribes elected 10 officials) came from all over the Republic to represent the plebs VOICE
DUTIES: could VETO Senate’s laws; decided to declare war or not
LIMITS: could not propose laws
Tribunes (the plebs get power!)

13. Roman Citizenship Citizenship extended to:
People born in Roman territories
Through naturalization (petitioning for citizenship by foreigners)
Slaves who are freed by Roman masters
Roman Citizenship

14. The Forum was a place in the center of town where the temple and government buildings were located.
12 tables posted
Romans in the Forum

15. Julius Caesar First dictator for life Led the Republic
Assassinated by his Senate
13 years of civil war
Julius’s adopted son gained control
Augustus Caesar (Octavian)
Julius Caesar

16. 509 BCE Roman Republic founded 450 BCE 12 tables adopted 367 BCE Plebeians are allowed as consuls 264 BCE Rome controls all of the Italian Peninsula BCE Romans conquer the Mediterranean Area 120 BCE – 44BCE Breakdown of the Republic 44 BCE Julius Caesar rules 27 BCE Octavian Caesar becomes emperor of the Roman Empire
Timeline

17. Augustus spread the Roman control far beyond the Italian Peninsula
Empire stretched from Britain to Mesopotamia
Roman’s ruled wisely
Used their army for protection and building
Roman Empire