1. Version One 20061 Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Awareness Training Course

2. Version One 20062 Course Administration  Emergency procedures  Facilities:  first aid, prayers, refreshments, toilet  Documentation;  course roster, HSE passport  Restrictions:  smoking, telephones and pagers  Introduction:  name, company, position and expectations of the course

3. Version One 20063 Course Aims  Aims of the course are to provide knowledge and understanding of NORM:  basic radiation theory  where NORM can be found  personal hygiene and health risks  exposure control measures  risk control measures and PPE

4. Version One 20064 Course Objectives  On completion of the course attendees will be able to:  explain basic NORM theory  describe where NORM can be found  explain personal hygiene, health, environment and reputation risks  describe measures to counter NORM risks

5. Version One 20065 Radiation Sources in E&P Radiation sources Installed gauges Radio tracers Industrial radiography Well logging Portable gauging equipment NORM

6. Version One 20066 NORM Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials as opposed to man-made sources

7. Version One 20067 Radiation Radiation emitted by NORM  Alpha particles (α)  Beta particles (β)  Gamma rays (y)

8. Version One 20068 Penetration Alpha Beta Gamma

9. Version One 20069 Closed equipment  Closed equipment:  Gamma rays penetrate steel and are measured where scale accumulates.  Alpha/Beta particles cannot penetrate steel.

10. Version One 200610 Open equipment  Scale may become dislodged and be inhaled when opening NORM contaminated equipment.  Ingested if poor hygiene.

11. Version One 200611 Health Risks Health risks arise if you: Inhale contaminated scales Ingest contaminated sludge or debris Absorb contaminated material through open cuts or wounds Alpha & Beta particles have sufficient energy to damage cells and may lead to lung or bone cancer

12. Version One 200612 Where to Find NORM Fixed scales – e.g. pipes, pumps, tubulars Sludge / Sands – tanks & separators Waste – Pigging debris Salts – Evaporation ponds, water leaks

13. Version One 200613 Hard Scales: 1. ESP 2. Valve 3. Tubulars

14. Version One 200614 Sludge stored in pits Sludge mixed with sand and land farmed

15. Version One 200615 Evaporation Pond

16. Version One 200616 Separator outlet

17. Version One 200617 Leaks

18. Version One 200618 Job Types at Risk  Job types:  production operators  maintenance personnel  tank & separator cleaning crews  hoist/rig workover crews  pigging crews  sludge farm operators

19. Version One 200619 H.E.M.P.  Supervisors responsibility Identify potential NORM Jobs Control exposures Monitor and review controls Record keeping

20. Version One 200620 Identifying NORM Look for NORM signs on equipment Check PDO NORM maps If in doubt - Ask Production Operators

21. Version One 200621 PDO Policy As a rule any equipment which has conveyed or stored production fluids should be treated as NORM contaminated until proven otherwise by monitoring

22. Version One 200622 Controls  Follow procedures  plan the job  organise PPE, plastic & containers  set up supervised area  conduct tool box talk  prevent scale from becoming airborne  prevent inhalation of scale – wear PPE  dress cuts and abrasions  contain debris in one area  encapsulate equipment at open ends

23. Version One 200623 NORM Specification  SP 1170 Management of NORM  defines roles and responsibilities: PPE: monitoring, reporting and exposure limits; transportation and disposal of NORM

24. Version One 200624 NORM Guidelines NORM procedures for specific tasks: e.g. Tank or separator cleaning Pigging Transporting Sampling Well workovers

25. Version One 200625 NORM PPE  Appropriate PPE:  one piece clothing  impermeable rubber gloves  steel toecap boots  face piece respirator  eye protection safety goggles or glasses  clean and monitor after use  dispose of contaminated PPE safely

26. Version One 200626 NORM PPE One piece slicker or Tyvek disposable suit P3 Half-face respirator

27. Version One 200627 Personal Hygiene  When working with NORM:  do not eat, drink or smoke  do not apply barrier creams or lip balm  clean and dress cuts and abrasions  after contact with NORM wash hands and face before eating, drinking or smoking

28. Version One 200628 NORM Training  NORM training:  Awareness training for ALL personnel routinely or frequently working on NORM sites  Supervisor training for ALL personnel responsible for issue of permits to work or supervise workers exposed to NORM

29. Version One 200629 Summary  Summary:  Treat equipment that conveys production fluids as NORM contaminated until monitored  Use maps and surveys to identify NORM areas  Follow the NORM Specification 1170  Implement the NORM Guidelines into work procedures  Wear your designated PPE  Maintain good personal hygiene  Keep records