1. www.issafrica.org 1 South Africa: Preliminary findings and draft recommendations “Towards more effective responses to organised crime in Southern Africa” (EROC project) ISS Pretoria, 21st April 2010 South Africa: Preliminary findings and draft recommendations “Towards more effective responses to organised crime in Southern Africa” (EROC project) ISS Pretoria, 21st April 2010

2. www.issafrica.org Presentation outline Fieldwork coverage and data collection methods Research challenges Preliminary findings Draft recommendations Discussion 2

3. www.issafrica.org Fieldwork coverage and data collection Scoping exercises in 2008 Restricted to Gauteng and Western Cape during 2009. Inclusion of KZN and Limpopo province in 2010. Additional research in Gauteng and Western Cape. Data collection involved interviews with government sources, NGOs, observations and analysis of secondary sources of information. 3

4. www.issafrica.org Research challenges Scope of the research Time limitations Absence of a definition of OC/confusion of some terms (e.g. human trafficking and people smuggling) Access to information Ethical debates 4

5. www.issafrica.org Findings: Drug trafficking Cannabis Tik Cocaine Heroin Khat Ecstasy Hallucinogens Mandrax decreasing. 5

6. www.issafrica.org Drug trafficking methods By air – collusion with airport staff, concealing drugs in hidden compartments, cargo, drug mules, courier companies By sea – limited evidence a result of difficulty in searching containers or because most drugs smuggled by air as it is quicker? 6

7. www.issafrica.org Human trafficking A lack of data on human trafficking. Absence of legislation. Confusion with the terms ‘human trafficking’ and ‘people smuggling.’ Conflation of figures by self-interested parties. Evidence of trafficking. Many more cases of people smuggling which lead to exploitation. 7

8. www.issafrica.org Poaching of endangered species Last year limited to rhino horn and abalone; inclusion of further species in 2010. Rhino horn used in traditional medicine in Far East. Syndicates involving: Mozambicans, Vietnamese, renegade Professional Hunters Moratorium debate Databases TOPS legislation Private/public sector liaison Security companies 8

9. www.issafrica.org Poaching of endangered species Exchange of abalone for drugs Use of local fishermen, diving at night Transportation to Gauteng Export to Asia Discordant criminal laws, penalties. 9

10. www.issafrica.org Illicit trade in cigarettes Highly profitable. Varying views of the extent. Different types of illicit cigarettes. Debate over whether tax differentials cause smuggling. Zimbabwe/Mozambique 10

11. www.issafrica.org Issues Cross-border cooperation – sharing of intelligence, varying legislation, porous borders, extradition Better cooperation between organisations/departments, particularly at Ports of Entry Databases Capacity, resources and training Improved standards within security companies Nexus between business and crime Corruption Establishment of border management agency (BMI) 11

12. www.issafrica.org 12 Thank you! amandalucey@gmail.com  : www.issafrica.org