1. THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 1861-1924
1917
1917
1917

2. Key Questions
Describe and analyze the long-term social, economic, and political causes of the Russian Revolution,
How and why were the Bolsheviks (a minority party) able to seize and consolidate power in Russia?
How was Bolshevik rule similar to and different from the rule of the tsars?

3. Long-term causes AGRICULTURAL PROBLEMS CONSERVATIVE FORCES
BUREAUCRACY, ARMY, GENTRY, CHURCH
REFORMS OF ALEX II
REVOLUTIONARY FORCES
PEOPLE’S WILL---SRs
MARXISTS (SDs)
KADETS
Five members of the People's Will being executed on 3rd April, 1881

4. Slavophiles v. Westernizers
BEGINS WITH DECEMBRIST REVOLT
SLAVOPHILES BELIEVE IN UNIQUE ATTRIBUTES OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY---
PEOPLE’S WILL---ANARCHISTS---SRs
WESTERNIZERS BELIEVE RUSSIA MUST MODERNIZE OR PERISH
Dostoevsky was a notable Slavophile

5. Russia Industrializes
ROLE OF SERGEI WITTE
CONCENTRATED IN 2 CITIES – (Moscow & St. Petersburg)
IMPACT ON SOCIAL CONDITIONS
BORROWING OF CAPITAL
CREATES SOCIAL DIVISIONS

6. Witte’s “prediction” in 1905
“The advance of human progress is unstoppable. The idea of human freedom will triumph, if not by way of reform, then by way of revolution. But in the latter event it will come to life on the ashes of a thousand years of destroyed history. The Russian rebellion, mindless and pitiless, will sweep away everything, turn everything to dust. What kind of Russia will emerge from this unexampled trial transcends human imagination: the horrors of the Russia rebellion may surpass everything known to history. It is possible that foreign intervention will tear the country apart. Attempts to put into practice the ideas of theoretical socialism--they will fail but they will be made--will destory the family, religious faith, property, and law.”

7. Revolution of 1905 CAUSES: RESULTS: POLICE STATE
LOSSES IN RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR
UNION ACTIVITY
STUDENT DEMONSTRATIONS
“BLOODY SUNDAY”
RESULTS:
OCTOBER MANIFESTO
DUMA
TEMPORARY LULL
GROWING DIVISION BETWEEN TSAR AND REFORMERS

9. Growing Tension, 1905-14 STOLYPIN REFORMS DUMA V. TSAR
ASSASSINATION OF STOLYPIN AND OTHERS
PARTIES BECOME MORE RADICAL
ROLE OF ARMY AND PROSPECTS FOR WAR
Pyotr Stolypin, rd Imperial Prime Minister

10. Russian prisoners of war during WWI
Impact of World War I
Incompetence of Russian army
Supply problems and backward transportation system/industry
Major losses at the front
Nicholas II “takes command”
Morale and attitude of troops
Russian prisoners of war during WWI

11. Russian casualties totaled almost 10,000,000 in WWI
WORLD WAR I CASUALTIES
Russian casualties totaled almost 10,000,000 in WWI

12. February Revolution RESULTS Provisional Govt--liberals and socialists
tsar abdicates
Petrograd Soviet—analogy to France in
CAUSES
inflation--bread riots
growing discontent with tsarism--Rasputin
war failures
International Women’s Day
troops side w/crowd

13. Provisional Government
                                            Alexander Kerensky, second prime minister of the Russian Provisional Government
Led by Prince Lvov
Continued war--unpopular
Army Order No. 1
Rise of Kerensky
July Days
Kornilov Revolt

14. Bolsheviks & October Revolution
Importance of Lenin--his background
April Theses--Bolshevik plan for coup
Control of soviets
Slogans--”peace, bread, land” & “all power to the soviets”
Takeover in October--little opposition
Disbanding of Constituent Assembly
Congress of People’s Commissars

15. Lenin’s contribution to Marxism
Theories on imperialism and capitalism
“Weakest link in the chain”
Vanguard party
Telescope capitalist phase

16. Civil War in Russia 1917-1922 EVENTS RESULTS Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Trotsky’s importance
Allied support for Whites
Bolshevik advantages
“War Communism”
RESULTS
Bolshevik victory
Recovery of most lost lands by 1922
Decimation of economy
Red Terror/secret police (Cheka/KGB)
USSR—1922

17. The Russian Civil War was finally won by the Bolsheviks led by Lenin
The Russian Civil War was finally won by the Bolsheviks led by Lenin. With that victory, Russia was formally called the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) in 1922

18. The Bolshevik Program Confirm land seizure of peasants
Workers’ committees in factories—later work for state
Politburo—democratic centralism
Dual party-state structure
National minorities
Dictatorship of proletariat
Lenin at a rally in 1921

19. Stalin ruled with an iron fist from 1928-1953
Division After Lenin,
New Economic Policy ( )
Rightists (Zinoviev/Kamenev) v. leftists (Trotsky)
“Socialism in one country”
Role of Stalin—General Secretary
Purge of Old Bolsheviks
Stalin ruled with an iron fist from