1. IPM Education, Internships and Employm ent Norm Leppla University of Florida, IFAS

2. Leppla’s Career University of Arizona- Insect Behavior & Rearing Research (2 yr) USDA, ARS- Pest Management & Biological Control, FL & TX (17 yr) USDA, APHIS- Methods Development, Washington DC & International (7 yr) University of Florida- Administration & Integrated Pest Management (15 yr)

3. What is IPM and where does a DPM fit? How should you approach a mentor? How are internships related to post- graduation employment? What are the competencies of an IPM education? What is a "state" IPM program?. Seminar Topics

4. National Road Map for Integrated Pest Management (USDA, Office of Pest Management Policy) May 17, 2004 http://www.ipmcenters.org/Docs/IPMRoadMap.pdf What is IPM? Integrated Pest Management, or IPM, is a long- standing, science-based, decision-making process that identifies and reduces risks from pests and pest management related strategies..

5. What is IPM?   IPM is the coordinated use of pest and environmental information and available pest control methods…   to prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economical means...   with the least possible hazard to people, property and the environment.

6. REDUCE RISK… Pest outbreaks & disease epidemics Environmental contamination Human health hazards Pest mgmt. costs IPM System INCREASE… Reliability Sustainability Cultural & Physical Methods Biological Control Chem

7.  Biological knowledge  Monitoring and inspection  Act to control pests when necessary  Choose least-risk options  Long-term, preventative practices  Evaluation and records  Pesticide management  Continual improvement Generic IPM Program

8. Where Does a DPM Fit? There is a need for “broadly trained, interdisciplinary specialists to deal with the challenge of IPM and the complexity of crop systems…a doctoral degree in plant health.” (NAS Spring 2000) Les Ehler and Dale Bottrell http://www.nap.edu/issues/16.3/ehle r

9. Where Does a DPM Fit? IPM requires “innovative partnerships among scientists, extension agents, pest consultants, progressive farmers, farm workers, and consumers.”

10. Agronomy Entomology Plant Pathology Soil Science Forestry Horticulture PlantMedicine The Future of IPM and Plant Medicine Multi-disciplinaryPartnerships Resources- internet Knowledge intensive Nematology Weed Science

11. IPM and DPM

12. How to Approach a Mentor? Make an appointment via telephone or email. or email. Provide some background information, e.g., CV, statement of interest. Have a discussion about 30 minutes. Prepare questions in advance. Expectations of prospective mentor and mentor of you.

13. Civility and Respect Civility- politeness and courtesy in behavior or speech. Respect- consideration or concern (honesty). The faculty is here to help you gain the best possible education. We must work hard to provide you with the resources you need, so we are interdependent. Why are you here?

14. How are Internships Related to Post-Graduation Employment? We are always being evaluated. Internships provide a trial period. Potential employers are always seeking outstanding employees. Employers expect a return on their investment in you. Successful employment is based on how well you fit.

15. IPM Education and Training Prevent pest outbreaks through habitat manipulation and other cultural practices Gain experience with pest habitats, e.g., crops or buildings Know the life cycles of the host plants, pests and beneficial organisms Understand the ecology and adaptability of the organisms Pest Prevention and Detection

16. IPM Education and Training Utilize scouting and other monitoring techniques Accurately identify key pest and beneficial organisms Apply damage, economic and other action thresholds Design systems of mitigation that minimize environmental impacts Pest Identification and Management

17. IPM Education and Training Practice safe and appropriate use of pesticides and other IPM tactics Know current laws and regulations pertinent to pest management Be able to rapidly access pest management information Be involved in pest management and related organizations General Knowledge and Professionalism

18. IPM Capabilities Education & experience. An inter-disciplinary education in the traditional scientific disciplines plus hands-on, practical experience is essential. Synthesis & integration. Education and training prepare pest managers to synthesize knowledge from across disciplines and integrate pest management within entire production systems.

19. IPM Capabilities Problem solving & critical thinking. Experience is gained in accurately diagnosing and rapidly solving plant health problems while minimizing environmental impacts and economic losses. Speaking & writing effectively. Superior communication skills, both written and verbal, are required to effectively communicate IPM principles and practices.

20. USDA, CSREES (NIFA) Funding Cooperative Extension Directors State IPM Coordinators Cooperators What is a “State” Extension IPM Program? 1972- "Huffaker Project" $12.5 million (NSF, USDA, EPA) 1975- CES Extension IPM formula funding for every state 1862 land grant (56 states, $0.5-$1.5 m total) 1979- “Adkisson Project” $3.5 million 2010- E-IPM grant funding, 1862 and 1890 land grant eligible (75 institutions, ca $8.4 m)

21. PROGRAM MANAGEMENT Designated Coordinator……………………..18 Manage the Smith-Lever 3(d) Funds….……26 Obtain Extramural Funding……………….…41 Adequate Technical Support…………….….24 Adequate Facilities and Equipment……...…41 Program Management Structure…………...53 Planning/Priority Setting Process…………..45 Assure IPM Program Recognition………….53 Professional Development Opportunities….45

22. PROGRAM DELIVERY Communication System (e.g., website)…..51 Grants Program..……………………………22 Produce Extension Materials.……………..49 Provide IPM Consultation…...……………..34 Seek Funding for Cooperators…………….28 Conduct Education & Training Activities….52 Means of Measuring Benefits……..……….53

23. PROGRAM INVOLVEMENT Cooperative Extension Collaboration…….....53 Research Collaboration...…………………….52 Clientele Collaboration…………………….….51 Interdisciplinary Scope………………………..53 Inter-Institutional Collaboration…………….. 52 Statewide Involvement………………………..52 Regional, National & International Liaison….43

24. PROGRAM SUPPORT USDA, NIFA.…..……………………………..54 Regional IPM Center………………………..54 University Administration…………………...30 Unit Leader………………………………......30 Clientele………………………………………20

25. “A comprehensive and at least stable state IPM program would benefit every land grant university, as agriculture, communities and natural areas are increasingly difficult to protect from pests and diseases without unacceptable risks to human health and the environment.” The Functions, Evolution and Benefits of State Integrated Pest Management Programs N. C. Leppla, D. A. Herbert, Jr. and D. D. Thomas American Entomologist, Winter 2009

26. Potential Threats to Food Crop Production  Food borne illnesses  Land availability and use  Labor and immigration  Water quality and quantity  Higher operating costs (fuel)  New plant pests and diseases

27. Potential Threats to Food Crop Production  Loss of pesticides  Offshore competition  Damaging weather  Population growth  Environmentalism  Government “assistance”

28. http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu IPM Florida: The UF, IFAS Statewide IPM Program