1. Vietnam: US Involvement

2. Vietnam’s History French Indochina Revolts  Ho Chi Minh – Indochinese Communist Party WWII  Japan  Minh returns to form Vietminh  France regains South  Minh’s vow

3. Vietnam’s History (cont’d) U.S. aids France  Why?  Domino theory French defeated Geneva Accords  Vietnam divided 17 th parallel N – Communist S - Nationalist

4. The United States Steps In Minh wins popular support in N  National hero  Land reform Ngo Dinh Diem  Corruption  Religious restriction Reunification election cancelled

5. The United States Steps In (Cont’d) Vietcong emerges in S U.S. increases aid, sends troops U.S. supports military coup  Diem assassinated  Kennedy shortly after “It’s their war”

6. Johnson & Vietnam Tonkin Gulf Resolution Committed to containment Campaigned on limited involvement BUT Began sending American troops

7. Fighting in Vietnam

8. US confident of victory  Superior weapons  Overlooked difficulties

9. Fighting in Vietnam Difficulties  Jungle terrain  Guerilla tactics  Inability to distinguish enemy from civilian  Traps/land mines  Tunnels

11. Tactics for Winning Attrition – gradually wear down enemy through harassment  Body count

12. Tactics for Winning Read page 945 “The Battle for Hearts and Minds”  Advantages/disadvantages of each: Napalm Agent Orange Search-and-destroy missions

13. Sinking Morale Draft Length & difficulty of war Increased drug and alcohol use

14. The War at Home Economy declines Tax increase “Living-room war”  War footage  Body counts  Credibility gap

15. Activity Photos of War: Vietnam

16. A Nation Divided

17. What do these two magazine covers tell you about the differing opinions on Vietnam?

18. A Nation Divided Credibility gap Draft  Ways around Medical deferment Joined National Guard or Coast Guard Enrolled in college  Why is this a problem?

19. The Protest Movement Emerges Protest spreads  Publicly burn draft cards  March  Flee country Nation is divided  Doves and Hawks

20. DovesHawks War is immoral Vietnam was a civil war U.S. should stay out of world affairs Draining U.S. resources President Johnson revoked college deferments for poor grades Fear of communism spreading U.S. should escalate the war Protests are acts of disloyalty 70% in 1967

21. The Role of Music Express frustration Method of protest Most popular war protest song (ever?)  War – Edwin Starr War – Edwin Starr

22. 1968 Tet offensive  Read pages 954-955 What happened? How did this even affect public opinion of the war? Assassinations  Kennedy  MLK, Jr Johnson steps down Nixon elected (Republican)

23. 1968 Assassinations  Kennedy  MLK, Jr Violence increases Johnson steps down Nixon elected (Republican)

24. On a half sheet of paper Imagine it is 1967. Do you think you would ally yourself with the hawks or the doves? Explain your reasoning. Would you consider the antiwar protests to be “acts of disloyalty”? Why or why not? Imagine that you oppose the war and are called to serve in Vietnam? What decision would you make?