1. By: Marissa Moran

2. Discoveries Pulmonary circulation New surgeries on varicose veins, skull fractures, and tooth extractions Capillaries and alveoli Pulmonary capillary bed purifies the blood before traveling to the heart Discovered in detail the human anatomy Used acupuncture to cure illnesses Refined drugs through distillation, crystallization, and sublimation

3. Medicine and Philosophies  Studying the human anatomy was a high priority  Prayed and sacrificed to the gods of healing  Any cures that happened were believed to be miracles from divine interventions  The body can be free of diseases when in harmony  Watched the putrefaction of meat in order to see if the air was contaminated  Keep the welfare of the poor and needy-do not turn anyone away who needs medical assistance  Doctors were allowed to experiment and use whatever knowledge they had to help a patient  Experimentation led to many developments in surgery Experimented on apes as well in order to gain information on the human anatomy

4. Hospitals  Created places devoted to only caring for the sick  First hospital was created in Baghdad after 786 A.D.  Hospitals were located in all major cities in the empire  Run by a medical staff complete with a director, pharmacist, and servants  Provided care for the poor and taught people in apprenticeships  Some palaces were converted into hospitals  Hospitals during this time period were very luxurious

5. Important People al-Biruni-wrote a book on pharmacy listing over 720 drugs Ibn Sina(Avicenna)-wrote the Canon of Medicine Rhazes-described diseases like smallpox and measles Moses Maimonides-famous for his aphorisms and medical ethics *aphorism-a short saying expressing the truth Rhazes

6. The Greatest Medical Mind in the House of Wisdom  Son of a pharmacist  Translated the entire of assortment Greek medical works  Extremely talented translator  Cross referenced everything he translated  Wrote 10 works on opthalmology -medical science dealing with anatomy  appointed Director of the House of Wisdom by Caliph al Mutawakkil Hunayn ibn Ishaq

7. Health Problems Diseases such as: -smallpox -leprosy -measles -bubonic plague Overpopulated areas like Baghdad, Damascus, and Cairo spread created epidemic disease problems Diseases often spread by religious pilgrimages, traveling caravans, and war therefore spreading the infectious illness over vast expanses of land Smallpox Leprosy Measles Bubonic Plague

8. The Techniq ues  The government and commerce create great availability for drugs  Used medicinal plants from Persian, Hindu, and Greek origin for treating illnesses  Created metal compounds as cures for disease  Medical training becomes more formalized  Doctoral licenses were given after a course was taken including theoretical studies and clinical training

9. Culturally-Influenced Medical Beliefs Medical practices come from the The Holy Qur’an and the Hadith or Sunnah Soon excepted a Greco-Roman style of medicine in combination with Hindu and Persian practices Health involves both the body and soul as a whole True health can only come from harmony with the entire universe Preserved the classical medical knowledge from the prominent medical school in Persia Worked hard to find more Greek medical works for direction Created a translation program to convert Syriac scientific works into Arabic Surgeons, bonesetters, physicians, and pharmacists were examined by the caliph’s head physician

10. Strict Traditions Holy Qur’an -Not much is mentioned for medical purposes in the Qur’an except:  Eat natural foods like viz and honey  Abstain from drinking alcohol  Abstain from other intoxicants denounced from every Muslim -every Muslim must follow the Qur’an, including doctors when treating patients Hadith/Sunnah - many sayings and traditions of the Prophet “Prophetic Medicine” -dictated diets, natural cures, and how to treat common pains like headaches, fevers and sore throats -spoke against contact with those carrying infectious diseases(leprosy) “Spiritual Medicine” -collection of verses from the Qur’an -blessings that had to be spoken in order to get rid of the disease