1. Chapter 4: Weather & Climate Defining weather & climate Controls of weather & climate –Solar energy/latitude –Land and water distribution –Landform barriers –Atmospheric pressure –Wind systems –Elevation California’s Seasonal Changes California’s Climate Zones Climographs

2. Distribution of solar energy annually

3. The differential heating of land and water

4. Landform barriers and weather; orographic precipitation

5. Pressure and stability/instability

6. Global pressure and wind system

8. Upper Level Inversion

9. What is Smog? Ozone (O3) - invisible, irritates, impairs breathing Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) - brown, impairs breathing Carbon Monoxide (CO) - invisible, reduces bloods oxygen Particulate Matter under 10 microns (PM10) - invades deep into lungs, reduces visibility

10. Ozone Formation product of solar energy and photochemical reactions. highest concentrations occur when sunlight is most intense. reaches peak levels during the middle of the day in the summer months. these types of air pollution patterns are called diurnal and seasonal variations

11. Ozone one of the most important air pollutants affecting human health. Ozone (O 3) is a molecule built of three atoms of oxygen linked together in a very energetic combination. comes into contact with a surface it rapidly releases this extra force in the form of chemical energy. When this happens in biological systems, respiratory tract, can cause damage to sensitive tissues.

12. AQI 0-50Good 51-100 Moderate 101-150 Unhealthy for sensitive groups 151-200 Unhealthy 200+ Very Unhealthy

16. California Summer –East Pacific (Hawaiian) High –California Current, Advection Fog –Catalina Eddy –Summer Storms

20. California Autumn –Weakening of Pacific High –Interior Cooling –Winds

22. California Winter –Aleutian Low, Mid-Latitude Cyclones –Variability –Radiation Fog

25. California Spring –Interior heating –Pacific High strengthening

26. BSh—semi-arid, hot summerCsa—Mediterranean, hot summer BWh—arid, hot summerCsb—Mediterranean, mild summer Csbn—Mediterranean, cool summer w/fog

27. World’s Mediterranean Climates

28. World’s Deserts