1. 20/09/20151 The renewable energies A hope for the future? 11 April 2008 ZARDOUA Brahim Magistère PCM1 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan brahim.zardoua@ens-cachan.fr

2. 20/09/20152 The renewable energies Home I. Renewable energy. Why? 1. Energy : Present and future 2. Global warming 3. Effects on environment II. Different forms of renewable energy 1. What does « renewable energy » mean again? 2. Various forms of renewable energy (Solar power, geothermal power, wind power, hydroelectric power, biomass, biogas...) III. Conclusion

3. 20/09/20153 Home II.Renewable energy. Why ? 1. Energy : Present and future

4. 20/09/20154 Home II.Renewable energy. Why ? 1. Energy : Present and future 1 Gtep = 42 GJ

5. 20/09/20155 Home II.Renewable energy. Why ? 2. Global warming http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/CO2-Temp.png

6. 20/09/20156 II.Renewable energy. Why ? Home 3. Effects on environment Glaciers melting

7. 20/09/20157 II.Renewable energy. Why ? Home 3. Effects on environment Glaciers melting Most powerful and frequent hurricanes

8. 20/09/20158 II.Renewable energy. Why ? Home 3. Effects on environment Glaciers melting Most powerful and frequent hurricanes Drought

9. 20/09/20159 Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 1. What does « renewable energy » mean again ?  Natural sources  Clean, available, and economical  Heat and electricity  Various forms : solar power, water power, geothermal power, wind power, biomass, biogas...

10. 20/09/201510 Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy a. Solar power Solar power tower (10MW), California Solar power tower (11MW), Seville Photovoltaic panels (electricity) Solar thermal panels (hot water)

11. 20/09/201511 Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy a. Solar power Parabolic Trough Solar (electricity)

12. 20/09/201512 Home II.Different forms renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy b. Geothermal power  Clean, sainstable and reusable  Electricity, hot water, space heating  Iceland : 17% electricity 87% hot water Krafla Geothermal Station in Northest of Iceland

13. 20/09/201513 Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy b. Geothermal power Three types : Médium and high temperature sources (100 to 150°C) : 3000 to 5000 m, electricity

14. 20/09/201514 Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy b. Geothermal power Three types : Médium and high temperature sources (100 to 150°C) : 3000 to 5000 m, electricity A low-temperature source (30 to 100°C) : 1500 to 2500 m, heating network

15. 20/09/201515 Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy b. Geothermal power Three types : Médium and high temperature sources (100 to 150°C) : 3000 to 5000 m, electricity A low-temperature source (30 to 100°C) : 1500 to 2500 m, heating network A surface or very low-temperature source (T less than 30°C) : to heat a building (geothermal heat pump)

16. 20/09/201516 Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy b. Geothermal power Three types : Médium and high temperature sources (100 to 150°C) : 3000 to 5000 m, electricity A low-temperature source (30 to 100°C) : 1500 to 2500 m, heating network A surface or very low-temperature source (T less than 30°C) : to heat a building (geothermal heat pump)

17. 20/09/201517 Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energies c. Wind power Electricity Clean, available Reduces greenhouse gas emissions Cheap Wind turbine : 1MW Offshore wind turbines near Copenhagen

18. 20/09/201518 Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy d. Hydroelectric power Electricity => hydroelectricity No carbon dioxide, no greenhouse gas emissions 19% of world electricity 75% of renewable The Three Gorges Dam (22,5 GW), China

19. 20/09/201519 Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy e. Biomass, Biogas  Decomposing organic matter  Applications : Domestic heating, electricity production  Carbon neutral  Biogas : methanization, fermentation of biomass

20. 20/09/201520 Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy e. Biomass, Biogas Biofuel : an alternative to petroleum ?

21. 20/09/201521 Home II.Different forms of renewable energy 2. Various forms of renewable energy e. Biomass, Biogas

22. 20/09/201522 Thank you for your attention Do you have questions ?

23. 20/09/201523 Links and references Gaz De France : https://www.gazdefrance.com/EN/D/1374/renewable-energies.html US department of energy : http://www.energy.gov/energysources/index.html http://www.planete-energies.com/content/renewable-energies.html « Energie et Environnement », by D. Sylvain teacher in IPN (Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay), researcher in CNRS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming http://www.nrel.gov/cleanhttp://www.nrel.gov/clean energy/bioenergy.html http://www.nrel.gov/clean http://www.solarnavigator.net/solar_panels.htm