1. به نام خدا An Overview of Next Generation of Mobile WiMAX Technology (802.16m).:. Class seminar.:. Lecturer: Mohammad Aliasgari Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 1 Class presentation for the course: “Custom Implementation of DSP Systems” All the materials are copy rights of their respective authors as listed in references.

2. Outline  Introduction  IEEE 802.16m  Mobile Wimax reference model  Protocol structure  Mobile Station State Diagram  Frame Structure  Modulation & Coding & Duplexing  Multi Antenna Technique in 802.16m  Reference Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 2

3. Introduction (Wireless Network) Mobile (e.g. GPRS) Wireless Network Point to point Fixed (e.g. 802.11) Point to Multipoint Mobile 802.16e Wimax Fixed 802.16 (2004) Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University Fig1. PTMP Network example [7] 3

4. Introduction (Wimax : Fixed vs. Mobile) Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 4 [2]

5. Introduction (Terminology) BS: Base Station MS: Mobile Station Handover: In satellite communications it is the process of transferring satellite control responsibility from one earth station to another without loss or interruption of service. [8] Downlink : transmission channel that carries signals from a Base station transmitter to mobile station. Uplink: transmission channel which carries signals from a mobile station to a base station. Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 5 Cell configuration [7]

6. IEEE 802.16m Since January 2007, the IEEE 802.16 Working Group has embarked on the development of a new amendment of the IEEE 802.16 standard (i.e., IEEE 802.16m) as an advanced air interface to meet the requirements of the International Telecommunication Union— Radio communication / International Mobile Telecommunications (ITUR / IMT) [1] Main Features [5] : Data transfer rates over the air excess of 1 Gb /s. Full compatible with existing Mobile wimax systems. Time to market advantage over other mobile broadband wireless technologies Enable roaming and seamless connectivity across IMT advanced requirements. Improving Coverage & performance by utilizing Multi hop relay architectures. Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 6

7. IEEE 802.16m & IMT-Advanced requirements Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 7 IEEE 802.16m & IMT-Advanced requirements [1]

8. Mobile Wimax reference model The reference system is defined as a system that compliant with IEEE802.16e Wimax network architecture specifies an end to end network. Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 8 Mobile WiMAX reference model [9]

9. Reference model The WiMAX network reference model is composed of four logical parts: [1] Mobile Stations (MS), Comprises all user. Network Access Provider (NAP), Some of the functions included in the NAP are: access service network (ASN), 802.16 interface with network entry and handover, base stations, foreign agent, QoS and policy enforcement. Network Service Provider (NSP), Provides IP connectivity services. Some of the functions included within the NSP are: connectivity service network (CSN), home agent (HA), connectivity to the Internet, IP address management, authentication, authorization. Internet, Provides Internet content to a user. Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 9

10. IEEE 802.16m protocol structure Special feature For 802.16m MAC Common Part sub layer (MAC CPS) ---------------------------- MAC = {CPS} U {CS} ---------------------------- Physical + MAC Layer data control management plane plane plane Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 10 WiMAX Protocol structure [3]

11. Radio Resource control & management functions Here is some of important block functions of this part [1] : Mobility management: This block scans neighbor BSs and decides whether an MS should perform a handover operation. Network entry management: This block controls initialization and access procedures and generates management messages during initialization and access procedures. Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 11 Radio Resource control & management [3]

12. Radio Resource control & management functions System configuration management: This block manages system- configuration parameters and generates broadcast-control messages, such as a DL/UL channel descriptor. Connection management: This block allocates connection identifiers (CIDs) during initialization/handover service-flow creation procedures. Location management: This block supports location-based service (LBS), generates messages including the LBS information, and manages the location- update operation during idle mode. Idle mode management: This block controls idle-mode operation and generates the paging-advertisement message. Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 12

13. MAC functions Here is some of important block functions of this part [1] : Sleep mode management: This block handles sleep mode operation and generates management messages related to sleep operation and can communicate with the scheduler block to operate properly according to the sleep period. Quality of service : This block performs rate control based on QoS input parameters from the connection management function for each connection. Scheduling & resource mplexing: This block schedules and multiplexes packets based on the properties of the connections. Automatic repeat request : This block performs the MAC ARQ function. Fragmentation/packing : This block performs the fragmentation or packing of MSDUs based on input from the scheduler block. Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 13

14. 802.16m special features New features for 802.16m standard [1] : Relay function : Relay functionality and packet routing in relay networks. Self organization & self optimization : a plug-and-play form of operation for an indoor BS. Multi carrier function: Control and operation of a number of adjacent or non-adjacent radio-frequency (RF) carriers where the RF carriers can be assigned to unicast and/or multicast and broadcast services. Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 14

15. Generalization of protocol structure for 802.16m From perspective of MS, the carrier utilize In multi carrier system can divided into two categories: [1] A primary RF carrier is the carrier that is used by the BS & the MS to exchange traffic & full PHY/MAC control information. A secondary RF carrier is an additional carrier that the BS may use for traffic allocations for mobile stations capable of multicarrier support. Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 15 Multi carrier system [1]

16. IEEE 802.16m Mobile Station State Diagram A mobile state diagram is a set of state and procedures which MS transits when operating in the system. Special feature for 802.16m Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 16 IEEE 802.16m State diagram [1]

17. IEEE 802.16m Mobile Station State Diagram [1] Initialization state : A state where an MS without any connection performs cell selection by scanning and synchronizing to a BS preamble and acquires the system- configuration information through the DL and UL channel descriptors. Access state : A state where the MS performs network entry to the selected BS. The MS performs the initial ranging process to obtain UL synchronization. Next, the MS performs basic capability negotiation with the BS. Then, the MS performs the authentication and authorization procedure. Next, the MS performs the registration process. The mobile station receives user identification as part of the access-state procedures. Connected state : A state consisting of the following modes: sleep mode, active mode, and scanning mode. During the connected state, the MS maintains at least one connection as established during the access state, of the MS, the MS or the BS can request a transition to sleep mode. Also, the MS can scan neighbor BSs to reselect a cell that provides more robust and reliable services. Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 17

18. IEEE 802.16m Mobile Station State Diagram Idle state: state comprising two separate modes, paging-available mode and paging unavailable mode. During the idle state, the MS can attempt power saving by switching between paging-available mode and paging-unavailable mode. In the paging-available mode, the MS can be paged by the BS. Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 18

19. Frame Structure : Super Frame [1] Super Frame is new concept introduced in IEEE 802.16m Radio frame to decrease the air link access Latency, each radio frames are Divided into a number of sub frames six OFDMA symbols seven OFDMA symbols five OFDMA symbols By this structure, air link access latency reduce from 18.5 ms to less than 5 ms.[5] Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 19 Super frame structure [1]

20. Modulation, Coding,Multiplexing & Duplexing Multiplexing: OFDM IEEE 802.16 (e & m) >> OFDMA (1024 subcarrier), SOFDMA (variable subcarrier) Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 20 Frequency Division Multiplexing [10] Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing [10] Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access [11]

21. Modulation, Coding,Multiplexing & Duplexing IEEE 802.16m supports quadrature - phase shift keying (QPSK), 16-QAM, and 64-QAM modulation schemes in the DL and UL. A constellation diagram is a representation of a signal modulated by a digital modulation scheme such as quadrature amplitude modulation. It displays the signal as a two- dimensional scatter diagram in the complex plane at symbol sampling instants. [12] Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 21 A constellation diagram for 8-PSK. [12]A constellation diagram for rectangular 16-QAM. [12] For having lower error packet rate, except Adaptive Modulation, IEEE 802.16m use Constellation diagram Rearrangement in retransmission [1]

22. Modulation, Coding,Multiplexing & Duplexing Coding A convolutional Code (convolutional Turbo Code) is a type of error-correcting code in which each m-bit information symbol (each m-bit string) to be encoded is transformed into an n-bit symbol, where m/n is the code rate (n ≥ m). [13] Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 22 [1]

23. Modulation, Coding,Multiplexing & Duplexing Duplexing: A duplex communication system is a system composed of two connected parties or devices that can communicate with one another in both directions. [1] -TDD: time division Duplexing -FDD: Frequency division duplexing -HFDD Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 23 Structure of advanced preamble[4]

24. Multi Antenna Technique in 802.16m Spatial multiplexing for increasing capacity of channel Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 24 Multi Antenna scheme[6]

25. Multi Antenna Technique in 802.16m Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 25 Illustration of DL MIMO structure [1]

26. Reference [1] Sassan Ahmadi, Intel Corporation, “An Overview of Next-Generation Mobile WiMAX Technology”, IEEE Communications Magazine, June 2009 [2] WiMAX Forum, “Mobile System Profile, Release 1.0 Approved Specification”,May 2010 ; http://www.wimaxforum.org/technology/documents [3] IEEE 802.16m-08/003r7, “IEEE 802.16m System Description Document”, May 2010 ; http://ieee802.org/ 16/tgm/index.html [4] Frank, A Ibikunle, "Security Issues in Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e)", 2009 IEEE Mobile WiMAX Symposium [5] Klodiana Zaka, Naveed Ahmed, M Ibrar-ul-Haq, M. Irfan Anis, Basil Faria, “Performance Analysis and Throughput Optimization in IEEE 802.16 WiMax Standard”, IEEE2009 [6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO#Multi-user_types, May 2010 [7] http://www.wimax.com/commentary/wimax_weekly/1-2-fixed-broadband-wireless-market-drivers- and-applications, May 2010 [8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handover, May 2010 [9] WiMAX Forum, “Network Architecture Stage 2–3,” Rel.1, v. 1.2, May 2010; http://www.wimaxforum.org/technology/documents,May 2010 [10] http://plcmodems.blogspot.com/2006/01/ofdm_20.html, May 2010 [11] www.conniq.com/WiMAX, May 2010 [12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation_diagram, May 2010 [13] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolutional_code,May 2010 Custom Implementation of DSP systemSpring 2010Tehran University 26