1. Open Access – a funders perspective Robert Terry Senior Policy Adviser The Wellcome Trust

2. Supports more than 5,000 researchers at 400 locations in 42 different countries Funding major initiatives in public engagement with science and SciArt projects The UKs leading supporter of research into the History of Medicine Planned expenditure in 2002/03 of c £500 million One of the worlds largest medical research charities

3. Human genome project

4. Funded by the Wellcome Trust

5. Where do Trust-funded researchers publish?

6. SQW Economic analysis of scientific research publishing http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/ scipubreport

7. The economic cycle of scientific publishing Free Publishers Libraries Researchers Shareholder s & Societies Public funders & HEFCE £ Profit Free £ ££

8. Alternative model - open access l The copyright holder(s) must grant to the public a free, irrevocable, perpetual license to use, copy, distribute and make derivative works, in any medium for any purpose. l A digital copy must be deposited in an open public archival repository (for example US National Library of Medicine's PubMed Central).

9. Funder initiatives l Leadership - demonstrate engagement with issues, join with other research funders, raise awareness in research community, fund research l Fund - cost of publication (marginal to research costs) l Copyright - encourage (and eventually enforce) author retention (involve publishers and IPR lawyers) l Repository – eprint, open access (post journal review) l Digitization project – 12+ journals £1.25 m PubMed Central l Evaluation - recognise intrinsic value of content of paper rather than title of journal

10. The future l More of the same? - unlikely l Increased use of repositories - likely l More support from funders? - very likely e.g.Howard Hughes, Max Planck, CNRS, WHO.....NIH(?) l Tipping point? l UK Parliament S&T Committee Inquiry