1. Designing Software for Elderly Suffering from Cognitive Impairments M. PINO, M. BOULAY, AS. RIGAUD Research team EA 4468 Paris Descartes University, Broca Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (France ) International Conference ADI, 2012

2. AIM: the design, development and assessment of technological products and services for elderly people with cognitive impairment, and family and professional caregivers. Technological applications are used in this context: To support elderly people with their daily-life activities To provide healthcare and cognitive stimulation To help caregivers better manage patient difficulties LUSAGE user-lab

3. Support for basic activities: organization, planning, locating objects, medication reminding Monitoring and safety Information and educational games to support cognitive wellness and social engagement Simplified menu to access these services Social Assistive Robotics

4. Embodiment Emotion Dialog Personality Human-oriented perception User modeling Socially situated learning Intentionality T. Fong, I. Nourbakhsh, and K. Dautenhahn. A survey of socially interactive robots. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 42(3-4):143–166, 2003. Social Assistive Robotics

9. Human Activity Assistive Technology Model (HAAT) (Cook and Husey, 1995) External enabler (device) used to overcome any contextual obstacle. Person with his/her skills and impairments Social framework and physical environment in which the person and the AT operate Procedure, operation or task that the person would like to achieve

10. PRIMO: Cognitive Stimulation software Maintain cognitive resources Reinforce automatisms & implement routines Increase self-esteem, motivation, socialization On-line programme Personalized set of exercises (memory, attention, judgment, executive function, etc) Different levels of difficulty Remote neuropsychological supervision

11. Design & Development Cycle Final Product

14. Faucounau, V. et al., (2009). Caregivers’ requirements for in-home robotic agent.

15. Wu et al., (2010). Robotic agents for supporting community-dwelling elderly people with memory complaints: Perceived needs and preferences

16. Usability assessment Usability testing : - Ensure that systems are adapted to end-users - No potential negative outcomes - Allows ergonomics improvement Classical procedure : Observing how users interact with prototypes or final products to perform a set of predefined tasks under controlled conditions

17. Evaluation criteria Objective performance measures: - Time to complete the tasks - Number of manipulation errors - Numbers of verbal or physical help requests - Accuracy in the tasks and type of « cognitive error » Subjective measures: - Satisfaction questionnaire

18. METHODS 7 participants with AD (MMSE = 16-24) Age mean 82,4 y/o Education mean 11,5 y 4 sessions with 15 exercices None computer experience RESULTS Identification of usability problems resulting from the interface design Difficulties are related to the severity of cognitive impairment Some assistance may be necessary The use of a touchscreen is strongly recommended First Evaluation

19. Validate Select all the yellow fruits :

20. Interface modifications required Simplifying procedures and interactions : One-click answers Using a touch screen Avoiding unnecessary messages Adjusting font and images size Eliminating check-box Eliminating “validation” button

21. Second Evaluation METHODS 15 participants (AD = 3, MCI = 8, HC = 4) Age mean 78,2 y/o Education mean 11 y 1 session with 9 exercices Half of them had already used a computer before RESULTS The improved version is more intuitive and learnable The application is adapted to persons with MCI and early AD Still, some assistance may be necessary Touchscreen works better than mouse or touchpad

23. QuoVADis – 30 juin 2011 -

24. Discussion The possibility of using the Interface depends on cognitive abilities preserved at MCI and early AD Importance of attitude : confidence and motivation Technology use: encouraging to find “their way” to use the system Involving caregivers Challenge: how to compensate attentional and executive deficits that affect the capacity of initiating and completing a sequency?

25. Thank you!