1. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

2. CENTRAL VS. PERIPHERAL Central Nervous System- Brain and spinal cord only Peripheral Nervous System All of the nerves that branch from spinal cord throughout the rest of your body Includes pain, touch, pressure, temperature receptors as well as afferent/efferent and some associated nerves

3. CENTRAL VS. PERIPHERAL

4. BRAIN Parts of the brain Cerebrum Cerebellum Brainstem

5. BRAIN Frontal Lobe- Personality, judgment, morality Occipital Lobe- touch, motor, Temporal Lobe- hearing, smelling Parietal Lobe- senses Cerebellum- muscle tone, balance Brainstem- breathing, chewing, involuntary organ muscle control (digestion, etc)

6. SPINE Spinal Cord- the bundle of nerves carrying signals from brain to the rest of the body Spinal Column- Bones (vertebrae) surrounding spinal cord, protecting nerves from damage

7. INNERVATION OF THE SPINAL CORD Spinal cord broken down into sections based on the vertebrae the nerves go from Broken down into C (cervical, 7), T (thoracic, 12), and L (lumbar, 5) Between each vertebrae is a nerve that sends signals to specific muscles and organs

8. INNERVATION Nerves higher up tend to control the most crucial organs. Why?

9. NEUROTRANSMITTERS Brain works by controlling the amount of certain chemicals released in brain, allowing neurons to communicate Examples Dopamin Seratonin Epinepherine Glucocorticoids

10. DOPAMINE Help in control of muscular movement. Parkinson’s Disease Disease where dopamine receptors break down, so muscular movement cannot be controlled by body.  tremors.

11. SEROTONIN Control of appetite mood sleep aggression Antidepressants (SSRIs)- prevent body from absorbing serotonin  happy!

12. EPINEPHRINE Produced by adrenal gland also called adrenaline causes sudden muscle tension fight or flight response in an emergency, prepares the body to fight or run

13. GLUCOCORTICOIDS Stress chemicals Released during any stressful situation Give short-term boost to body In exchange, suppress immune system After big tests or stressful events, do you tend to get sick? This is why!

14. DRUGS Many of the chemicals that enter our body stimulate the release of these chemicals into certain parts of our brain These chemicals then give the feeling induced by that drug

15. CAFFEINE Dopamine Leads to greater muscle awareness and control, increased heart rate, etc.

16. ALCOHOL Serotonin and dopamine Inhibits muscle control, and stimulates serotonin release leading to happy feeling

17. ECSTASY Floods of serotonin, dopamine When on high, extreme happy with appetite suppression When not high, depressed Why?

18. ADDICTION Floods of chemicals in levels too high or too frequently cause neurotransmitter receptors to disappear Ecstasy example With less serotonin receptors, can’t receive proper amount of “happy” signal,  extreme depression

19. MESSING WITH YOUR BRAIN…