1. Global Migration Patterns
[Use this training PowerPoint presentation to introduce educators to techniques for working with students with immigration data. This topic is lesson plan 7 from the “Making Population Real” curricula designed for the AP-level.]
Speaking notes:
Introduce the topic and yourself.
Briefly mention that the activities we’ll go through are from a larger teaching package called “Making Population Real” and these materials are by the Population Reference Bureau (PRB), a nongovernmental, research organization based in Washington, DC that provides timely and objective information on U.S. and international population trends and their implications.
Lesson plans of Making Population Real are available free on-line at
A lesson plan from “Making Population Real”
by the Population Reference Bureau
Supported by the World Population Fund
of the Minneapolis Foundation

2. Today’s Agenda Introduce objectives and teaching standards
Briefly introduce United States’ immigration history
Graph data on immigration to United States
Construct population pyramids of the U.S. and immigrant populations
Compare and discuss what the data reveals
Introduce Making Population Real and PRB
I’ll introduce the objectives and teaching standards that we’ll cover;
Briefly introduce U.S. immigration history;
We’ll graph immigration trends and discuss the changes over time;
Then, we’ll construct population pyramids of the United States and specific sub-groups
And compare and discuss what the data reveals;
Finally, we will briefly note how this relates to a set of curricula on population and provide more information about the organization that developed these materials.

3. Making Population Real – Lesson Plan 7: Global Migration Patterns
Issues
Immigration
Ethnicity
Population Concepts
Composition and structure of population
Immigrants
Tools
Age-sex graph (population pyramid)
Line graph
Today, we’ll be discussing immigration.
We’ll be looking at the composition and structure of the United States’ population and immigrant sub-groups.
And use graphs to visualize the changes over time.

4. Objectives To understand immigration to the United States
To identify major international migration streams
To evaluate the impact of migration on U.S. population structure
Our objectives are to …(see slide)

5. Teaching Standards AP Geography Standard Addressed,
Unit II– Population Unit:
C. Population movement
2. Major voluntary and involuntary migrations at different scales
AP and the Advanced Placement Program are registered trademarks of the College Entrance Examination Board which was not involved in the production of these lesson plans.
This curriculum is designed to address geography standards, but it also supports history, civics, science, public health, and other subjects.

6. Brief Highlights of U.S. Immigration History
U.S. encouraged European immigration; not Chinese or unskilled workers
At start of 20th Century U.S. began to regulate migration with passports, visas, etc.
1920 began national quota system
1965 opened to those immigrants sought by employers; Asian and Latin American immigration boomed
19th and early 20th Century immigration was mostly from Europe. From the U.S. encouraged immigration – though beginning in the 1880s it barred Chinese and unskilled workers. In 1920, the U.S. began a system of quotas. A major shift in U.S. immigration policy in 1965 opened to include immigrants that U.S. employers wanted to hire. Immigration from Latin America and Asia boomed
Source: PRB, "Immigration: Shaping and Reshaping America," Population Bulletin 58.2, pp. 5-6.
[Normally, the students would be asked to read a few pages from the above publication before graphing immigration statistics and embarking on the following discussion. So, this slide provides a few tidbits to help aide the coming activity and discussion.]

7. U.S. Immigration Patterns
Who are the immigrants to the U.S.?
How have they changed over time?
Assignment:
Construct a line graph of immigrants from specific regions to U.S. between
The brief highlights only partially tell the story. What more can we learn by looking at the numbers of immigrants to the United States from various world regions?
Divide the room into groups (2-4 people per group).
Distribute the first handout, “Immigration by Region of Last Residence,” to each participant.
Pass out graph paper (one piece for small groups or a couple of pieces for large groups), pencils, and erasers.
Assign a region to each group (each region could be assigned to more than one group).
[Note: Encourage the participants to quickly create the graphs, rather than making them perfect.]

8. Graphing Instructions
Set up a graph with decades on the horizontal axis
For the vertical axis, the scale should be 0 to 5 million (setting the unit at 250,000) to keep all graphs on the same scale
Graph the number of immigrants for your assigned region*
* Europe, Asia, North and South Americas, Africa, and Oceania
Presenter Instructions:
Ask everyone to follow these graphing instructions
The scale has been established so that we can more easily compare the graphs of immigrants from each region.
Europe is an exception, as its greatest number is just over 8 million. That group should be sure to leave space above the graph to note this data point.
Oceania includes Australia, New Zealand, and island nations of the South Pacific (see PRB’s World Population Datasheet for more details).

9. Patterns of Immigration
What was the main source of immigrants in the 19th century?
What changes in immigration source regions have occurred in the last several decades?
What might account for the shift in immigration source regions?
How might this shift in source regions affect the composition of the United States population?
Presenter Instructions:
Have each group briefly describe the graph of their region and point out any significant pattern(s) that they noticed.
Then, conduct a full group discussion (main answers follow):
Europe
A switch from predominantly European to mostly Asian and Latin American immigrants
The 1965 major policy change
This has the potential to change the ethnic, racial, and religious composition of the U.S., bringing in more Asian influences (yoga, Tai Chi, Buddhism, Hinduism) and Hispanic influences (Catholicism, Cinco de Mayo, soccer)

10. Population Structure
How are immigrant populations changing the structure of the U.S. population?
Assignment:
Construct population pyramids for:
Total U.S. population
U.S. immigrant population
Hispanic U.S. population
Presenter Instructions:
Show participants the next slide so they can visualize what they are constructing.
Divide participants into pairs or small groups of up to 4 people.
Distribute a copy of the blank age-sex graph handout to each pair of participants (or small groups up to 4).
Distribute copies of the handout U.S. Population Data by Age Group to each participant. (Note: Columns are totaled to speed the exercise. Slide 12 is an example of this handout.)
Assign each pair/group to work on one of the pyramids (either Total U.S., U.S. Immigrants, or Hispanic).
Groups will need to convert population numbers into percentages (divide each subgroup into the total population). If possible, provide calculators.
Note: You can use Excel to complete this exercise if computers are available.

11. Sample Population Pyramid
Presenter Instructions:
On this version, over 75 goes in category.
Note: You can use Excel to complete this exercise if computers are available. Just plug in the raw numbers into the file. It will calculate percentages and put them into the generic chart above. Label it, and it’s ready.

12. Blue box is Note 1 at bottom: figures are combined for these years.
Population totals at bottom have been added. Teachers can provide these to students or not as they choose.

13. Blank Population Pyramid

14. Discussing Population Structures
Compare the three pyramids:
How do the two minority populations differ from the general population in terms of structure?
How do you explain the differences?
What is the impact on the United States population overall?
Have each group share their population pyramid with the full workshop session.
On the Total U.S. population graph, have them locate the “baby boom.” (You might also mark the “boomlet” – the children of the baby boomers.)
Next conduct a discussion amongst everyone in the workshop:
Compare the three pyramids. How do they differ? [A: Immigrants and Hispanic population is younger.]
How do you explain the differences? [A: Who is likely to pick up and move to another country, the young or the old? Family size correlates with income, education, and profession.]
What is the impact on the U.S. population overall? [A: It is still growing, and will continue to do so as the children of these subgroups have children. Asian and Hispanic population will continue to grow as a proportion of the overall population (just like with the baby boomers and their children). ]

15. Activities Population Movement to the United States
Research and discuss background
Graph changing rates of immigration to U.S.
Map countries of origin and states of destination
Immigrants in the United States
Create population pyramids
Compare and discuss differences
People Without a Place to Call Home
Research refugee groups worldwide
The activities we carried out today came from the first two student activities of the Global Migration lesson plan. The third activity, “People Without a Place to Call Home,” is an excellent research exercise on refugee populations worldwide. I recommend you consider using it in your classrooms.

16. Making Population Real Lesson Plans
Population Fundamentals – Building a Foundation
Populations in the Path of Natural Hazards
The Demographic Transition –
A Contemporary Look at a Classic Model
HIV/AIDS and Contemporary Population Dynamics
Population Policy – Progress Since Cairo
People on the Move
Global Migration Patterns
[Omit slides if you are conducting the 3-hour workshop as they are reviewed in the Overview presentation of Making Population Real and PRB.]
This lesson plan comes from a larger package written for the AP classes called “Making Population Real.” The entire package includes 7 lesson plans.
“Population Fundamentals:” Introduces key concepts in population studies.
“Populations in the Path of Natural Hazards:” Examines the vulnerability of coastal communities, using Florida and Puerto Rico as examples.
“The Demographic Transition:” Re-examines this fundamental theory in population studies. It compares the classic case of England with a variety of other nations.
“HIV/AIDS and Contemporary Population Dynamics:” Looks at the extent, distribution, and impacts of AIDS.
“Population Policy–Progress Since Cairo:” Explores contemporary understanding of links between development and population growth, with an emphasis on the status of women. One student activity examines the usefulness and accuracy of indexes, looking at the Human Development Index.
“People on the Move:” Looks at migration patterns within the United States.
In this session, we reviewed the “Global Migration Patterns” lesson plan.

17. About Making Population Real
Free, on-line curricula utilize up-to-date real-world data and articles from a variety of web-based resources:
United Nations (UNICEF, UNHCR, WHO, etc.)
U.S. Census Bureau
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
PRB research and publications
Lead author Martha B. Sharma, a teacher
Recipient of the 2006 Geographic Excellence in Media Award from National Council for Geographic Education
“Making Population Real”:
is available free on-line
utilizes current information from expert sources
Population Reference Bureau worked with Martha Sharma in developing these curricula. She is a retired geography teacher and instrumental in designing the AP Human Geography curricula
Making Pop. Real was the recipient of the 2006 Geographic Excellence in Media Award from National Council for Geographic Education

18. Population Reference Bureau
Informs people around the world about population, health, and the environment, and empowers them to use that information to advance the well-being of current and future generations.
Analyzes demographic data and research to provide objective, accurate, and up-to-date population information in a format that is easily understood by educators, journalists, and decision makers alike.
Population Reference Bureau is a non-profit organization with these goals … [See slide; the first bullet is the mission statement].

19. This is PRB’s home page with the section that contains the “Making Population Real” teaching package and other curricula circled in red.