1. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 1Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete PROPOSED PHYSICS PROGRAMME AT THE PLANNED MedAustron FACILITY H. Leeb and G. Badurek Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities

2. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 2Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete The Project MedAustron Cancer is the 2 nd important cause for death in Europe In Austria 36.000 new cases per year 18% of the primary tumors cannot be destroyed at the place of its origin although no metastases have been formed There is justified hope that most of these can be successfully destroyed by ion therapy MedAustron is an Austrian initiative for a facility for hadron therapy 55% not healed45% healed surgery surgery and radiation therapy chemotherapy radiation therapy primary tumor metastases

3. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 3Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete Characteristics of the Facility The design project foresees irradiations with a proton and a carbon-ion beam. The accelerator is not fixed yet, but the design parameters are: proton beam 120-400(800) MeV1x10 10 s -1 carbon-ion beam120-400 MeV4x10 8 s -1 The beam spot is about 1-4 mm 2 and allows to scan the tumor in size and depths. The latter is controlled via varying the energy of the beam.

4. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 4Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete Non-clinical Programme 1.radiation biology 2.pre-clinical research 3.physics research Besides the use for cancer therapy, the accelerator facility will also serve for non-clinical research. The following research topics are envisaged at MedAustron Particle & High energy physics (Test of Detectors) Nuclear physics Atomic physics Materials science Dosimetry (cosmic & terrestrial) others … These non-clinical research activities will only take place during night time and holidays

5. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 5Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete 120 – 800 MeV Current layout of the MedAustron Facility B? A 10 m

6. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 6Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete N = f I p σL 0 d M N reactions/s f pulse frequency ( 1 Hz) I p particles/pulse specific mass density M mol mass σ cross section L 0 Loschmidt number d target thickness N = 6.0×10 5 σd A Protons N = 2.4×10 4 σd A 12 C-ions m barn atomic mass number g cm -3 Nuclear Physics Experiments Assessment of feasibility with MedAustron beam parameters p incident flux

7. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 7Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete European Accelerators for Nuclear Physics The incident particle flux of most European accelerators dedicated for nuclear physics is 2-3 oders of magnitude higher than the expected flux at MedAutron ! Currently a further increase of flux of stable isotope ions by 2 orders of magnitude is under discussion !

8. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 8Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete Expected integral reaction rate A = 100 =10 g cm -3 p = 10 10 s -1 ( 1 H + ) & 4×10 8 s -1 ( 12 C 6+ ) 1% statistical accuracy 170 s 4250 s (71 min) d = 1 mProtons 12 C-ions

9. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 9Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete Typical setup for the measurment of angle-differential cross-sections C = N w2w2 16 D 2 Count rate: width of detector entrance window target-detector distance

10. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 10Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete Differential cross-section measurements C = 21 s -1 Assumption w = 10 mm D = 150 mm I p = 10 10 s -1 σ= 10 -1 barn d = 0.1 m A = 100 = 10 g cm -3 Measurement time for 1% accuracy 8 min Protons 200 min 12 C-ions

11. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 11Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete Nuclear physics standard experiments are in principle feasible at MedAustron ! Systematic study of nuclear radii by elastic proton scattering...

12. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 12Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete Atomic Collision Processes with MedAustron Particle Beams 400 MeV/u 12 C 6+ : =1,4 ~0,70 v ~ 2,1×10 8 m/s Atomic collision range 1 nm = 10 -9 m A possible approach to attosecond-physics ? Collision time 5×10 -18 s

13. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 13Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete GSI-UNILAC 15,5 MeV/u (3x10 11 p/s) U 75+ Ar Ar q+ - recoil ions Recoil-Rate Recoil-Energy/eV

14. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 14Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete Electron yields at collisions of highly charged ions (HCI) with surfaces

15. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 15Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete Materials Research with MedAustron single ionrandomordered microprobe E.g. irradiation of various materials (e.g. polymeres) with MeV Carbon ions to produce nano-capillaries Possible applications: Single nanopore membranes (biosensors) Templates to produce free standing metal needles or carbon nanotubes etc.

16. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 16Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete Heavy Ion Microprobe 50µm

17. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 17Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete Ionization density dependence of high-temperature ratio and relative thermoluminescent efficiency [Adapted from M. Hajek et al., Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 120, 446 (2006)] Simulating major aspects of galactic and solar radiation climate 4 He, 12 C, 16 O, 56 Fe ion beams of a few hundred MeV/u Characterization of detector response to heavy charged particles Dose verification and radiation transport models for interplanetary space exploration Improved dosimetric methodology for terrestrial applications Aircrew dosimetry, medical dosimetry, Cosmic Radiation Environment

18. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 18Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete Charge state configuration in TL phosphor after absorption of ionizing radiation [Adapted from Y. S. Horowitz et al., Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 119, 45 (2006)] Modelling of luminescence mechanisms Charge state configuration after absorption of high-LET ionizing radiation Ionization density dependence of radiobiological endpoints (DNA strand breaks, apoptosis, …) Pathways of bystander signal transduction between neighbouring cells Correlation of heavy ion-induced physical and radiobiological parameters Quasi-biological nanodosimetry C ee h C C C C CC R R h TL emission Hole trap Electron trap Recombination centre Competitor Solid-State Nanodosimetry

19. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 19Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete Conclusions MedAustron can become a homebase for preparation of experiments at international research facilities MedAustron can provide a useful training ground for young scientists with up-to-date tools MedAustron may serve for exploration and testing of new ideas and methods MedAustron may serve to run routine experiments yielding important data in fields in which no beam time at dedicated large research facilities can be allocated.

20. H. Leeb Sept 7/8, 2007 20Workshop on European Small-Scale AcceleratorFacilities, Aghios Nikolaos, Crete For a viable longlasting development formal cooperation agreements with partner laboratories are essential !