1. The High Intensity Stable Ion Beams Working Group HISIB-WG
Marie-Helene Moscatello (GANIL)
Annamaria Porcellato (Legnaro)
Uli Ratzinger (GSI)
Faical Azaiez (IPN-Orsay)
Giacomo DeAngelis (Legnaro)
Sigurd Hofmann (GSI)
Rolf-Dietmar Herzberg (Liverpool)
Rauno Julin (JYFL)
ECOS: European COnsortium of Stable (beams)

2. --The Science with high intensity stable ion beams
1st meeting (Paris, june 2004) : discussion of the group tasks and of the Work distribution
--The Science with high intensity stable ion beams
--Beam intensity limitations and technical developments
for various types of research lines!
N=Z nuclei (in–beam spectroscopy and decay studies) : G. DeAngelis
SHE search : S. Hofmann
Super heavy nuclei (in-beam spectroscopy and decay studies) : R. D. Herzberg
Neutron-deficient nuclei (in-beam spectroscopy and decay studies) : R. Julin
Exotic shapes and decay modes in nuclei : F. Azaiez
Neutron rich nuclei using DIC reactions : F. Azaiez & G. DeAngelis
--Status and future developments of existing facilities
LEGNARO : A. Porcellato
GANIL : M. H. Moscatello
GSI : S. Hofmann&U. Ratzinger
JYVASKYLA : R. Julin

3. Report to NuPECC at the Frascati meeting
Beyond Z=112
(FE reactions)
Neutron rich nuclei
at intermediate spins
(DI reactions)
Neutron
Deficient nuclei
(FE reactionsR)
-In-beam studies
-Production: ground state properties and decay studies

4. identified two categories of experiments:
Categories 1: ‘Studies at the target’
Beam intensity limitations due to electronics and data acquisition: up to 100pnA
Categories 2: ‘Studies at the focal plan (of a spectrometer)’
Beam intensity limitations due to target technology: up to 10 to 100pmA

5. 2nd meeting (Legnaro, Oct 2004) : Discussion of the work progress
-Report and discussions on the physics and the experimental issues
-Discussion on the specifications of a dedicated facility
-Report and discussions on the status and future developments of existing facilities

6. The performance and requirements for the proposed
high intensity stable beam facility:
The stable beam facility will be designed to meet the science needs and
have capabilities beyond those presently available in Europe.
-It should be able to accelerate all stable elements with a maximum energy ranging
from 50MeV protons to 10MeV uranium and with beam
intensities of more than 100pmA for the heaviest beams.
-The accelerator should provide CW operation, excellent energy resolution,
low transverse emittance,and flexible beam timing.
A super-conducting linear accelerator in conjunction with a high performance ECR
source is a good solution that meets all requirements for the needed high intensity
stable beam facility.

7. Existing facilities and their future upgrade
(in Europe)

8. JYFL-Jyväskylä Beams - E > 5 MeV /nucleon
Heavy and light ions available
>1pμA p, He, B, C, N, O, Ar
>100 pnA F, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, Ca, Fe, Cr, Ni,Cu, Zn, Kr
>10 pnA Ti, Mn, Ge, Sr, Zr, Ru, Xe
ECR developments for intensity upgrade
A second cyclotron will be built and installed

9. Near future switching from a Tandem to a q+ injector (PIAVE)
LEGNARO
Near future switching from a Tandem to a q+ injector (PIAVE)
MORE CURRENT
HEAVIER MASSES

10. GANIL : Available stable beams CSS1 beams:
from 12C (4 to 13.5 A.MeV) to 238U (4 to 8 A.MeV)
intensities: several pA for light ions and < 1 pA for A > 40
possibility of simultaneous beams from SME and HE(using a stripper)
CIME beams:
from He to Xe (2 to 25 A.MeV depending on q/A)
Intensities: up to 80pnA (safety limitation!)
**with a direct beam line (DBL) from CIME to the G1 and G2

11. GANIL LINAG: the driver of Spiral2
Spiral2: q/A=1/3 ions 1mA (Ar) from 0.75 to 14.5 A.MeV
able to accelerate 5mA D+ beam up to 20 A.MeV
lower intensities avalaible (Cr, Ni,…)
2nd step: q/A=1/6 ions 1mA (Xe) from 0.75 to 6.5 MeV/A

12. Particle Current in the GSI-Unilac (routine operation)
Isotope
Ion Source [pµA]
Experiment [pµA]
40Ca7+
3.6
0.5
48Ca7+
2.0
54Cr7+
1.7
0.9
58Fe8+
1.1
70Zn10+
1.6
0.6
Ion
Source
HLI
Alvarez
Transport line

13. The UNILAC-upgrade at GSI
New RFQ-structure:
gain of the duty factor
higher injection energy
increased acceptance
Additional 28 GHz-ion-source:
intensity gain of factor two
higher charge states for increased duty factor 6
intensity-gain factor x10

14. Guide lines for the document: -Certainly shorter!
3rd meeting (Jyvaskyla, march 2004) :
-discussion of the first draft document
-discussion of the conclusions and recommendations
Today :
- report and discussions on the first draft (mainly the conclusions)
of the working group!
Guide lines for the document:
-Certainly shorter!
-Nuclear astrophysics?
-The case of Dubna?
-The conclusions!

15. For the 1st category:
The in-beam studies are envisaged to take advantage of the existing
stable beam facilities at Jyväskylä and Legnaro.
JYFL is currently capable of providing up to 100pnA of several
of the stable beam species and is actively pushing the necessary
ion source R&D to extend the list of available beams.
LNL is soon expected to reach this level of beam intensities also for
very heavy nuclear beams (up tp U) once PIAVE will routinely replace
the tandem as the injector for the ALPI linear accelerator
The recommendation of the committee is to ensure a strong support
from both the nuclear physics community and the funding agencies
for these two facilities not only for their accelerator system development
but also for the instrumentation and experimental infrastructure that are
needed to host dedicated research programs.

16. An important recommendation: is the development of appropriate instrumentation that needs to keep step with the increasing beam currents.
The in-beam spectroscopy (at the target) presents its own set of challenges:
Cope with one to two order of magnitude counting rates and data acquisition
(higher detector segmentation, digital electronics, time stamping and
Triggerless data acquisition)

17. For the 2nd category
The UNILAC upgrade will provide one order of magnitude greater
beam intensities than today. This is a major improvement which
will greatly enhance the program to search and study super heavy
elements.
The realisation of this up-grade is considered highly important and
the committee lends it its full support.

18. LINAG, the SPIRAL2 driver is another attractive possibility
as it fully matches the specification of the needed high intensity
stable ion beam facility,
a significant amount of beam time is foreseen to be used for the
production of high intensity light and medium mass stable ion beams
This project is recommended as a first step to the desired facility.
It is an important proof of feasibility and test bunch for all technical
issues related to very high intensity heavy ion beams.

19. It is clear that the use of the upgraded UNILAC and the very intense light and
medium beams from LINAG is an attractive short-medium range perspective
for the community from the point of view of the physics opportunities
and also from the point of view of the possibilities of testing and
improving instruments and methods.
The long term goal for a new dedicated high intensity stable ions facility
in Europe is considered to be one of the important issues to be discussed
and considered in the next Long Range Plan of the nuclear physics
community.

20. In order to be ready for this new project it is also highly important that
research and development on the various related keys issues such
as target, spectrometers and ion sources, are initiated and organised
at the European in synergy with future RNB projects.