1. Proposal for the Establishment and Funding of the Cluster of Excellence Origin and Structure of the Universe The Cluster of Excellence for Fundamental Physics in München/Garching

2. How does matter behave at extremely high energies and short distances ? Physics beyond present experience Supersymmetrie and GUT theories String theory and M-theory Quantum gravity at the Planck scale Is there symmetry between matter and forces ? Cosmological Matter-Antimatter problem (CP-violation) Dark matter and neutrino masses Search for Supersymmetry Link of supersymmetry and quantum gravitation What is the origin of particle masses and the reason for their hierarchy ? Search for Higgs and new particles at colliders Investigate neutrino masses with new experiments Hadronic mass studies Mass generation in theory – Higgs, supersymmetry, extra dimensions What are the dark components of the Universe ? Predictions for astronomical signatures Confirm and extend observational evidence Direct (particle) search for dark matter Understand relation of dark matter/ particle&fields within fundamental theory How did black holes form and evolve ? Creation of stellar black holes in gamma-ray bursts Creation of supermassive black holes in galaxy centers Influence of black holes on evolution of galaxies How was the Universe enriched with heavy elements ? Astrophysical sources of heavy elements Nucleosynthesis with weak and nuclear processes Chemical evolution of universe on large and small scales

3. TUM&LMU and Scientific Institutes

4. Key Features of the Cluster 10 new junior research groups 2 New professors and 2 early reappointments New local research infrastructure –UCN source at FRMII (co-financing) –Upgrade of Wendelstein Telescope –Underground laboratory (extension) –GRID computing cluster Dedicated office building Integration into existing graduate schools Active measures to support gender equality & diversity Strong support of young scientists Total volume: ~35 M over 5 years

5. Science Campus Garching MPP, USM Reactor ESO MPA, MPE, IPP Cluster Building TUM LMU LRZ MLL Wendelstein

6. Astroparticle physics Neutrino Mixing Calorimetry ( -physics) Development of radiation detectors Electroweak precision experiments Calorimetry (HEP) CP Violation in Baryons Physics beyond standard model Precision magnetometry with neutrons Junior Research Groups with Hardware Development in Munich Invest Low Background Laboratory Invest UCN source at FRMII MLL laboratories and accelerator, FRMII Electronics Laboratories Detector Laboratories Low Temperature Labs

7. Dense and Strange Hadronic Matter Medium effects on hadron masses Measurements at GSI, Frascati JRG in Experimental/Observational Science at Large Scale Facilities Invest GRID Computing Heavy Quark Physics CP violation in mesons Data Analysis LHC, Tevatron, B-Factories Dark Energy Gravitational lensing, galaxy distribution Data Analysis KIDS, HETDEX, eROSITA Detector Know-How within Cluster Large Scale Computing for Analysis and Simulation at Computing Centers Mathematical Analysis Tools and Techniques

8. Connect Particle Physics and Astrophysics/Cosmology Interplay between Experimental Physics and Theory Junior Research Groups in Theory Particle physics in the early universe Electroweak Phase Transition Support Experimentalists (LHC) First light and chemical enrichment of the universe Star Formation and Evolution Chemical Abundances (Connect to Data) Extra dimensions e.g. GUT models in higher dimensions Connect to Observables (LHC) New physics beyond the standard model Extensions of the Standard Model Connect to LHC and CPV data

9. Major Investments New Infrared Camera for Wendelstein Observatory –Joint Financing with State of Bavaria Extension of Low Count Rate Laboratory –Use Existing Installation at MLL Installation of GRID Computing –Base Installation –Connection to D-GRID, IGSSE (excellence Grad School) Source for ultracold neutrons at FRMII –Joint financing with FRMII Upgrade of University Technical Laboratories

10. Molecular Clouds (LMU/USM) Supernovae (MPA) Simulations Research Areas F & G: New groups: W3 (LMU) – Theoretical Astrophysics W3 (TUM) – Experimental Astroparticlephysics W2 (TUM) – Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics JRG2: Neutrino Astronomy JRG9: First Light & Chemical Enrichment IPP: Max-Planck research group – Turbulent ISM, structure formation Investment: USM: New optical-near-infrared camera for Wendelstein 2m telescope Time Interstellar Medium Big Bang Stellar nucleosynthesis Ejection, Explosion Star formation Molecular clouds GRBs Supernovae Protostars ESO / VLT Integral (MPE) 26 Al FAIR Abundances Sample Instruments Wendelstein (USM) Black Holes Neutron Stars LMU/TUM Nuclear Chart 60 Fe/Fe SN@ 3 Myr (MLL Tandem) element number Log abundance CS22892-052 solar r Remnants Heavy Element Enrichment of the Universe