1. Experimental Hadron Physics in Poland
status ( ) and perspectives
polish contributions and achievements
fields of interest:
Nuclear matter at extreme condition (T,)
LQCD [Bowman etal ‘02]
Instanto nmodel [Diakonov+Petrov ’85,Shuryak]
1 fm r
Chiral Symmetry and mass generation
1 fm rN
Interactions and structure of hadrons

2. Physics experiments Polish Groups
Interactions and structure of hadrons
COSY: COSY11,GEM, ANKE, WASA
SATURN: DISTO
GSI : PANDA
JU-I, US, INS, US , INP, UW
JU-II
JU-I/II, INS, US
Hadron properties in nuclear matter
GSI: KAOS, FOPI, HADES
JU-II, UW-I
Properties of hadronic matter at extreme conditions
GSI/SIS : FOPI, CBM
CERN/SPS : NA49
RHIC: PHOBOS, BRAMS,STAR LHC: ALICE
UW-I, JUIII,US,INS
IPSA, INP, INS,WIT
INP, JUIII, WIT
INP,WIT, UW-II
JU (I-III)– Jagiellonian University (Krakow) WIT - Warsaw Institue of Technology (Warsaw)
US - University of Silesia (Katowice) UW (I,II) - Warsaw University (Warsaw)
INS - Institute of Nuclear Studies (Warsaw) INP - Institute of Nuclear Physics (Krakow)
IPSA - Institute of Physics Świetokrzyska Academy (Kielce)

3. COoler SYnchrotron COSY
WASA
COSY to jest Cooler Synchrotron, ktory  przyspiesza i akumuluje protony i deuterony do pedu okolo 3600 MeV/c. Wiazka moze byc spolaryzowana. Polaryzacja jest bardzo dobra. W granicach 75% dla wiazki protonowej. Glownym atutem COSY jest mala emitancja i rozmycie pedowe wiazki, ktore osiaga sie  stosujac
chlodzenie elektronowe dla malych pedowi stochastyczne dla wiekszych. Eksperymenty zainstalowane sa na wiazkach zewnetrznych ale takze wenatrz jonowodu. Polacy biora udzial w nastepujacych grupach: PISA ( spokesperson B. Kamys ) juz chyba zakonczyli pomiary. ANKE,GEM,MOMO  ( W tych grupach bierze udzial Andrzej Magiera ) TOF ( wiem tylko o jednym fizyku z Warszawy, ktory nazwywa sie Zupranski).
polarised and unpolarised proton and
deuteron beams
stochastic and electron cooling
momentum range: 600 – 3700 MeV/c
meson production up to (1020)

4. Meson production close to threshold
only s-wave partial waves contribute to Final State
1S0 pp FSI known
pX interactions measured via  (Q=s1/2 – s12thresh ) and Dalitz plot
X: , ' , , K- , K+ , , 
 Badania na COSY robimy mierzac calkowite i rozniczkowe przekroje czynne przy progu, gdzie przestrzen fazowa gwaltownie rosnie i jej objetosc zmienia sie o kilka rzedow na obrzarze kilku MeV. Do tego wazna jest precyzyja. Opis kilkuzdaniowy tego rysunku znajdziesz w zalaczonym wystapieniu(J.Phys.G28(2002)1777)
CELSIUS
Saturn

5. JU Since 1987: 12 members. Construction of TOF walls, Drift chambers, beam monitors
US: 3 members
COSY-11: J. Smyrski et al., NIM A 541 (2005) 574.

6. |M|2 ~ |M0|2 |Mpp|2 |Mp1η|2 |Mp2η|2
/' production
|M|2 ~ |M0|2 |Mpp|2 |Mp1η|2 |Mp2η|2
|M|2 ~ |M0 |2 |Mpp|2
σ = dVps |M|2
pp pp η at Q=15.5 MeV
COSY11
Przykladowe widma masy brakujacej z pomiarow z duza statystyka dla ety i  ety-prime
strong p FSI (S11 (1535))
weak p' FSI
bin size is experimental resolution !

7. Strangeness production:
COSY: PLB 635 (2006) 23
K+/K- ratio important for:
in medium kaon properties-
(subthreshold kaon production)
K+K- production :
/ ratio OZI rules in pp collisions
pp FSI
DISTO[1]
Wynik dotyczacy pomiarow pp-->ppK+K-. To mozna powiazac z pomiarami Disto(takze Polacy), oraz z pomiarami w GSI (ktore znasz lepiej niz ja). Tu warto podkreslic komplementarnosc pomiarow w GSI i COSY. Poprzez porownanie  przekrojow czynnych na produkcje kaonow w reakcji pp i pC etc. mozna bylo wywnioskowac zmiane masy kaonow w materii jadrowej i wydedukowac, ze dla K+ potencjal jest odpychajacy a dla K- przyciagajacy. Krotki opis z uwzglednieniem roli COSY znajdziesz we wspomnianym juz wykladzie (jphysG28.ps) dolaczonym do tego a.
/  ratio enhanced but not so much as in pp annihilation at rest
non –resonant contribution consistent with space distribution

8. Test of CP symmetries in flavour conserving decays: +-e+e-
charge symmetries of strong interactions (u, d quarks mass difference) via / mixing in ' decays and
dd0
exotics – glueballs, pentaquarks
polski wklad:
Forward detector upgrade, calibration of straw tubes, fiber detectors
Polish groups:
UW, JU, US, INP, INS
ECAL, Forward-Detecto
L=1032 cm−2s−1

9. Storage and Cooler Rings
GSI-FAIR
MoU signed by Poland in 2005
SIS 100
U GeV/u ions/s
protons 30 GeV x1013/s
2T (4T/s) magnets
UNILAC
SIS
FRS
ESR
SIS 100/300
HESR
Super
NESR CR
p Target 18
SIS 300
U GeV/u s
6T (1T/s) magnets
CBM
PANDA
Secondary Beams
Radioactive beams up to 1.5 GeV/u
Antiprotons up to 30 GeV
Storage and Cooler Rings
Radioactive beams
e-A collider
HESR: Antiprotons GeV
FOPI, HADES, KAOS

10. PANDA @ FAIR Polish groups: Charmonium spectroscopy (cc)
p production rate 2x107/sec
Pbeam = GeV/c
Nstored = 1011 p
Internal target
p/p ~ 10-5 (electron cooling)
Charmonium spectroscopy (cc)
"Glue" bound states: Hybrids(ccg) and glueballs (ggg))
D mesons in nuclear matter
Hypernuclei spectroscopy
Target
Target spectrometer
Polish groups:
R&D: ECAL (UNS)
MDC, DAQ, FEE (JU)
Forward Spectrometer coordination
Design Studies: (JU)
Forward spectrometer
Solenoid

11. FOPI/KaOS@ GSI Kaons in medium
JU: since '87
5-7 members Zero Degree Hodoscope
UW: since 1989
6-7 members
Participation in construction of TOF Barrel

12. Subthreshold K- production
KaoS
wielostopniowe procesy :NN->N, NN->NN , ->K-N , N->K+
calculations with in medium potential describe data : U(K+, 0)= 30 MeV, U(K-, 0)=-70 MeV
W. Cassing et. al Nucl. Phys. A 614, 415 (1997).

13. K+ production and nuclear matter EOS
KaoS
PRL86(2001)39
K<200 MeV soft EOS
C. Fuchs PRL91(2003)152301
NN thres.
Soft EOS preferred
(precise  K for k production in NN essential! )

14. In-medium hadron properties with HADES @ GSI
Studied via electron momentum reconstruction of e+,e- pairs (penetrating probes) from pp, pA,A, AA
excellent electron ID against hadrons (~10-4)
Spectrometer with high invariant mass resolution M/M~2% at /, large acceptance and high rate capability.
Project launched in Measurement started in 2002
JU since 1995 (~12 members)
R&D and construction of Pre-Shower incl. read-out electronic of 20k channels
Collaboration More than 100 physicists from Cyprus, Czech Rep., France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain

15. measured rates span over 5 orders of magnitude  N  p
r/ e+ e-
e+e-
Ne+e-
measured rates span over 5 orders of magnitude
better description with in-medium spectral functions of 
more sensitivity in larger systems (Ar+KCl, Au+Au,..) expected

16. FOPI & HADES future programms (2006-2010)
K- flow sensitive to KN potential (TOF RPC upgrade)
Kaon production in pion induced reactions
Kaonic bound state in nuclear matter
HADES
studies of e+,e- sources in pp, dp collisions,
 modifications in nucleus,
pion induced reactions,
studies of e+,e- production in heaviest systems (Au+Au) at top SIS18 energies->inner TOF and DAQ upgrade (EU programme)
HADES at 8 AGeV (->CBM experiment)

17. Nuclear matter under extreme conditions
M. Gazdicki
Chiral resotoration?

18. NA49: observation of onset of deconfinment?
(Marek ) HORN
STEP
30 AGeV

19. Na49 Future: Search for critical point of Strong Interactions
Search for anomalies in fluctuations and flow (v2) in function of system size and energy (s1/2 > 7 GeV)
Systematic scan in energy and system size:pp, pA, AA collisions ( AGeV)
Letter of intent SPSC for dedicated experiments at SPS in Test run in august
Polish groups (data analysis):
IPSA, INP, INS,WIT, UW, JU

20. CBM experiment at FAIR
Scientific goals: properties of baryon-rich and dense nuclear matter
A+A 8-35 AGeV (Au+Au), pp and pA (p<90 GeV)
ChS restoration - in medium / at high baryon density
open charm (D-mesons) and J/ in medium
Strangeness production: K, , , 
event by event fluctuations
beam
STS
magnet
RICH
TRD
TOF
ECAL
Polish groups:
Feasibility studies dieleptons (JU), strangeness (UW), DAQ (US, UW)
R&D
Silicon Tracking (JU), RPC(UW)

21. RHIC’s Experiments STAR Top Center-of-Mass Energy:
200 GeV/nucleon for Au-Au
Luminosity
Au-Au: 2 x 1026 cm-2 s-1; p-p : 2 x 1032 cm-2 s-1

22. 9 drift chambers & FEE built in JU detector lab
Hadrons ID: p, K,  at:
up to 30 GeV/u, with (dp/p) ~ 1%
0 < |y| < < pt < ~ 3GeV/c
9 drift chambers & FEE built in JU detector lab
Experimental set up

23. Net protons rapidity density comparison
(highest rapidity measurements
not yet completed) 12 7
With increasing energy the nucleus – nucleus collisons are more and more transparent
The matter that is created at RHIC differs from anything that has been investigated before (baryon free region) !

24. High pt component of hadron spectra
Nuclear modification factor :
Au(100A GeV) + Au(100A GeV)
Ratio of the suppression
factor Rcp at =0 and =2.2
RCP
The evidences for strong nuclear effects
Jets energy loss
Color Glass condenste ?
Large high pt suppression for central collisions as compared to semi-peripheral

25. Au+Au, sNN = 200 GeV 137k silicon sensors ~4 multiplicity coverage
MIT, BNL, Argonne National Laborator, University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Rochester, University of Maryland
Poland: INP ( 7 members), Tajwan: National Central University
Participation of the Polish Group (since 1992):
- contribution to the detector construction
(~30% of the total detector cost)
- developments of the physics research program and
software system
137k silicon sensors
~4 multiplicity coverage
excellent low pt
Spectrometer
Trigger Counter
Octagon
TOF
SpecTrig
T0 counter
Au+Au, sNN = 200 GeV

26. Particle flow
-R
dN/d( - R ) = N0 (1 + 2v1cos (- R) + 2v2cos (2(- R)) )
Hydrodynamical models, with the assumed ideal nature of the fluid (no viscosity), reproduce the strength of the flow for central Au+Au for the first time at RHIC energies!

27. Coming Future: AliCE (ATLAS) @ LHC
30 times larger energy as in RHIC
Energy desntity  ~15-40 GeV/fm3 >> crit~1 GeV/fm3
Freeze-out out ~ fm3, QGP duration (4-10 fm)
ITS
TPC
TRD
TOF
PHOS
HMPID
MUON SPEC.
PMD
FMD
ALICE detector
Polish groups:
~20 members
INP (TPC analysis), INS
WIT (HBT correlations), UW

28. Summary Many interesting physics done so far
(COSY, SATURN, GSI, CERN, RHIC)
New exciting possibilities and challenges:
short term (<2010):
HADES, FOPI: in-medium hadron properties
WASA : studies of symmetries of SI
NA49future: search for critical point of SI
longer term (>2012):
PANDA : charmonium physics
CBM: studies of compressed baryonic matter
LHC : starts tomorrow..

29. back-up slides

30. High pt suppression at forward in d+ Au
Rd+Au
RCP
BRAHMS: PRL 93
(2004)
Initial conditions for high energy collisions are
determined by the „wee partons” in the wave functions of the colliding nuclei
Color Glass Condensate (CGC) phase of hadronic matter.

31. Laboratory of nuclear matterg
Space
Time
jet Au p K f L
T = 120 MeV
e = 0.06 GeV/fm3
T = 230 MeV
e = 3 GeV/fm3
200 AGeV "collider"
Toneev at al. ,nucl-th/ :
3-fluid hydrodynamics
Collision trajectory in
e 

32. Strangeness creation
KaoS