1. The British Reform Movement 8.39

2. The Atlantic or Democratic Revolution (aka The Bourgeois Revolution) American Independence French Revolution English Reform Revolutions up to 1848

3. Parliament and Reform Moderate Key issue is disenfranchisement Reform led Parliament to shift from a select, closed body to a representative, open body.

4. Edmund Burke Philosophical conservatism ◦ House should be mathematically representative ◦ Landowning interests should govern ◦ Members of Parliament should follow their own best judgment ◦ Promoted reform within the system ◦ Reform in England is delayed by reaction to American and French Revolutions

5. Scotland Scottish highlands had moved against England during Seven Years War Troops are quartered in Scotland Men are forbidden to wear kilts

6. Ireland Anti-British, pro-French sentiments Inspired by American Revolution British suppress Irish Rebellion Act of Union (1801) creates United Kingdom