2. Effectively Validate Query/Report: Strategy and Tool Steven Luo Sr. System Analyst Barnes & Noble Session id: 36993

3. Agenda  PART I: Introduction – Why, when, and how to validate  PART II: Strategy – Basic strategy – Advanced strategy  PART III: Tool – Test script – Engine - sqlUnit  PART IV: Conclusion

4. Why to Validate?  Assure Data Accuracy – Managers need accurate data to make strategic decisions – A company’s sales team needs accurate data to launch market campaign  Assure ETL (E xtraction, Transformation, and Loading ) Process Correctness – ETL tools – SQL scripts

5. When to Validate?  Any of the following types of testing needs validation: – Unit testing – Integration testing – System testing – Acceptance testing – Maintenance & regression testing

6. How to Validate? Validation Automation Black Box Basic Strategy Advanced Strategy White Box Basic Strategy Advanced Strategy Manual Black BoxWhite Box

7. Agenda  PART I: Introduction – Why, when, and how to validate?  PART II : Strategy – Basic strategy – Advanced strategy  PART III: Tool – Test script – Engine - sqlUnit  PART IV: Conclusion

8. Validating Report/Query  A Query or Report is actually a result set, so validating needs to answer two questions:  Are you getting the result set right? – right data in each cell  Are you getting the right result set? – exact number of records

9. A Typical Process of Generating Reports flat files staging tables materialized view T0T1Tn ETL steps repor t Stored procedure …...

10. Basic Strategy  Assert that each (cell) in the result set matches the data in the source table – Number – String – Date – Result Set, etc.  Sampling should be used if a result set is big  Assert the right number of records in the result set  Check duplicated…

11. Advanced Strategy  Try to uncover invalid data item – Boundary Validation  Count, sum, max, min, x not in table, “between..and” on whole resultset or certain partitions. – Special Value (constraints) Validation  isXXX() and notXXX()  e.g. IsNull, notNull, notNegative, notZero – Business Rule Validation  dept1.sale> dept2.sale

12. Agenda  PART I: Introduction – Why, when, and how to validate ?  PART II : Strategy – Basic Strategy – Advanced Strategy  PART III: Tool – Test Script – Engine - sqlUnit  PART IV: Conclusion

13. Why Use a Validation Tool?  Automate the validating process – Reduces the cost, time and effort  Reuse the procedures – Write once, run many times on QA box and/or production box.  Re-factor SQL  Share by group (save to PVCS)

14. Tool  Open Source – jUnit, etc. – Steven Feuerstein’s utPL/SQL  My tool -- sqlUnit

15. sqlUnit Overview  The framework consists of two major parts – test scripts – test engine  implemented in java stored procedure with PL/SQL interface  Implement 2 types of strategy – basic strategy – advanced strategy  Record the validating results  Monitor long-running validation process

16. sqlUnit Overview (2)  From the Engine Perspective – run all your test cases defined in your PL/SQL package  From the User Perspective – write all test scripts – start the Engine

17. Architecture Test scripts Engine Assert util Database ……

18. Test Script (1)  Write Test script in PL/SQL  Define test package  Call APIs  Define test procedures – Test procedure MUST begin with ‘test’ – Setup() : – Teardown(): clean up

19. Test Script (2)  Use your business knowledge to get expected data and actual data – Get raw or original data from source table  such as POS, Daily Sales, etc. – Get data from a report  call API fetchCursorData(…), or  using cursor directly, e.g. cc := my_test_pkg.get_ref_cursor('SCOTT'); loop fetch cc into value1,value2,..., valuek; exit when cc%notfound ; if(...) then sqlunit.assert(‘desc’, value1, 100); end if; end loop;

20. APIs for Basic Strategy procedure runTestCases(testPackageName varchar2) procedure assert(description varchar2, num1 number, num2 number) procedure assert(description varchar2, str1 varchar2, str2 varchar2) procedure assert(description varchar2, a1 STRING_ARRAY, a2 STRING_ARRAY) procedure assert(description STRING_ARRAY, a1 STRING_ARRAY, a2 STRING_ARRAY) procedure assertQuery(description varchar2, query1 varchar2, query2 varchar2) procedure fetchRefCursorInto(pname in varchar2, parameters in STRING_ARRAY, fetchfields in out STRING_ARRAY, uniqField in varchar2, uniqValue in varchar2 ) function getCountForQuery(sqlstr varchar2) return number function getCountForProcedure(sqlstr varchar2) return number

21. Test Script Template

22. Apply Basic Strategy  A tool should pick up: – m column(s) in a row of a result set  m: between 1 and number of columns – m column(s) in n rows of a result set  m: between 1 and number of columns  n: between 2 and number of rows  Cells to be validated: – cells: between 1 and m*n

24. Apply Advanced Strategy  Advanced Strategy – Boundary Object – Special value (Constraint)Object – Business Rule Object

25. Test Script for Advance Strategy procedure test_adv_1 is obj sqlunitBoundary := sqlunitBoundary(NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL); begin obj.setTestingQuery('my_test_pkg.get_ref_cursor(''SCOTT'')'); obj.setCountCriteria(2); obj.setQueryCriteria('c1 is not null'); obj.setQueryType(1); //1 : store procedure. 0: sql query obj.checkBoundary; exception when others then dbms_output.put_line('exception! '); end test_adv_1;

26. Example for Validating Two Queries

27. How Engine Works  Users start the Engine by calling … exec sqlunit.runtestcases('VALIDATEPACKAGE');  Engine calls back test scripts by calling the following: set_up; test_1; tear_down; set_up; test_2; tear_down;... set_up; test_n; tear_down;  Test scripts call Framework APIs …. sqlunit.assert(...)

28. Sequence Diagram testPackagesqlUnit/engine Runtestcases() setup test_1 tear_down assert DB setup test_2 assert tear_down recordResult View results

29. Record the Test Result  Use package name as testing result table name.

31. Monitoring Validation Process  At Engine level, by instrumentation DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO into Engine, you can monitor the progress  At test script, you can instrument DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO to test scripts too.  Get the progress information from v$session_longop in other session

32. Test Scripts Guideline  Be simple  Don’t use the same sql that generates the report  Use Business/domain knowledge

33. Conclusion  Data accuracy is very important  Use automated validating tool whenever possible

34. Limitation of validation “ Program testing can be used to show the presence of bugs, but never to show their absence” --E. W. Dijkstra

35. References  Asimkumar Munshi, Testing a Data Warehouse Application white paper http://www.wipro.com/insights/testingaDWApplication.htm http://www.wipro.com/insights/testingaDWApplication.htm  B. Hailpern and P. Santhanam Software debugging, testing, and verification IBM System Journal Vol. 41, No. 1, 2002  Thomas Kyte, Expert One on One Oracle, Wrox, 2001

36. A Q & Q U E S T I O N S A N S W E R S