1. Ocean Commission Update

2. Coastal and Ocean Governance Review for Washington State Presentation to Washington State Senate Committee on Natural Resources, Ocean and Recreation January 31, 2005 Marc J. Hershman Professor, School of Marine Affairs Adjunct Professor, School of Law University of Washington

3. An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century

4. Low Water 12 NM High Seas Baseline C.Z. ?? NM T.S. Continental Shelf Expansion of ocean jurisdiction The 1958 zonal approach Thanks to Craig Allen

5. Deep Seabed High Seas Uplands Internal waters *Baseline* 12 NM Tidelands 12 NM 200 NM EEZ (188 NM wide) High Water Low Water Continental Shelf C.Z. Submerged Lands T.S. Expansion of ocean jurisdiction The modern regime Thanks to Craig Allen

6. The renewal of national ocean policy Bi-partisan panel Broad range of expertise Geographic balance The U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy

7. Presidential response The President has 90 days to submit to Congress a statement of proposals to implement or respond to the Commissions recommendations. The Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan was announced December 17, 2004.

8. Final Report Contents Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy Advancing our understanding Education Americas Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution International role Ocean Value & Vitality The new ocean governance framework

9. Final Report Contents Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy Advancing our understanding Education Americas Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution International role Ocean Value & Vitality The new ocean policy framework K-12 Higher Ed & the workforce Informal ed

10. Education and the workforce Education coordination and development are key functions within the National Ocean Council Align education with workforce needs Develop diverse ocean-related education at all post- secondary levels Promote federal stipends for ocean-related education at the post-secondary level Encourage cross-disciplinary courses of ocean study

11. Final Report Contents Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy Advancing our understanding Education Americas Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution International role Ocean Value & Vitality The new ocean policy framework Watersheds Natural hazards Restoration Shorelines Commerce

12. Coastal management Address growing costs of coastal hazards and data needs Eliminate federal incentives that encourage inappropriate development Better incorporate hazard risk into federal project analysis Improve awareness of hazard risks Improve the National Flood Insurance Program Improve hazard mitigation planning Protection from natural hazards www.ecy.wa.gov Washaway Beach, WA Ocean Shores, WA www.ecy.wa.gov

13. Final Report Contents Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy Advancing our understanding Education Americas Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution International role Ocean Value & Vitality The new ocean policy framework Coastal pollution Monitoring Vessel pollution Invasive species Marine debris

14. Water Quality and Pollution Coastal waters under siege Managing point sources of pollution Managing nonpoint sources of pollution Managing atmospheric sources of pollution Addressing coastal water pollution EPA office of water

15. Water Quality and Pollution Limiting vessel pollution and improving vessel safety Flag state oversight, port state control, controlling pollution, research Preventing the spread of invasive species Current approaches, major vectors, prevention, improving management Reducing marine debris Current efforts, derelict fishing gear, port reception facilities

16. Final Report Contents Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy Advancing our understanding Education Americas Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution International role Ocean Value & Vitality The new ocean policy framework Fisheries Mammals Aquaculture Offshore non-living resources

17. Ocean Value and Vitality Upgrade scientific input and separate scientific and management decisions Strengthen research that supports management of commercial and recreational fishing Clarify fishery management jurisdictions and upgrade interstate fishery organizations Broaden Fishery Council membership Achieving Sustainable Fisheries

18. Ocean Value and Vitality Threats to marine mammals Improving marine mammal protection Meeting research and education needs Applying ecosystem- based management Protecting Marine Mammals www.noaanews.noaa.gov www.yoto98.noaa.gov www.ucsc.edu

19. Ocean Value and Vitality Coral ecosystems The existing management framework International coral reef protection Improving understanding of corals Preserving Coral Reefs FKNMS

20. Marine Archaeology

21. Ocean Value and Vitality Challenges to expansion Developing and implementing national aquaculture policy Increasing the knowledge base International concerns and cooperation Marine aquaculture www.photolib.noaa.gov Offshore Pacific threadfin (Moi) pen, HI

22. Ocean Value and Vitality Links between oceans and human health Beneficial uses of marine-derived bio-products Negative health impacts of marine organisms Increasing federal coordination of oceans and human health research Connecting oceans and human health www.wdfw.wa.gov

23. Ocean Value and Vitality Non-living resources in federal waters Oil and gas Methane hydrates Renewable energy Other marine minerals Development of offshore energy and other mineral resources Wave Dragon – a large offshore wave energy converter www.wavedragon.net

24. Final Report Contents Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy Advancing our understanding Education Americas Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution International role Ocean Value & Vitality The new ocean policy framework Research Observing systems Technology Data

25. Research/ Education Hydrothermal vent ROV Tiburon R/V Western Flyer Monterey Bay Aquarium/ MBARI

26. Ocean Research/Observing Systems The Neptune Project

27. Final Report Contents Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy Advancing our understanding Education Americas Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution International role Ocean Value & Vitality The new ocean policy framework International ocean policy and science

28. Final Report Contents Coordinated and Comprehensive National Ocean Policy Advancing our understanding Education Americas Coasts: Living on the Edge Water Quality and Pollution International role Ocean Value & Vitality The new ocean governance framework National Council Regional Approach Offshore management Consolidation

29. Governance framework The national level initiative Executive Office of the President National Ocean Council Chair: Assistant to the President for Ocean Affairs Ocean Policy Advisors (non-federal) Scientific and Technical Advisors Committee on Ocean Resource Management Committee on Ocean Science, Applications and Technology

30. National Ocean Council Develop goals for national ocean governance Recommend and oversee national ocean policy Coordinate/ integrate activities of federal ocean agencies Stimulate regional approaches to ocean management Identify redundancies Guide use of science for policy Support partnerships: agency/NGO, private/public Expand agency outreach Assess state of nations oceans and coasts Functions

31. The regional approach Take the initiative on ocean management Set agenda and determine organizational structure Receive federal support Define regions (initially based on fisheries management regions) Bottom-up policy development

32. The regional approach Characterize the region Develop goals and objectives Facilitate regional research Coordinate collaborative ocean management Build awareness Develop regional ecosystem assessments Monitor and evaluate regional performance Identify opportunities for offshore uses (e.g. renewable energy, MPAs) Potential functions USGS

33. Improving governance of the offshore Meet Growing Need Clarify Offshore Responsibilities Ensure fair return from use of resources Use Marine Protected Areas as Appropriate A coordinated management regime

34. Renewable ocean energy Offshore wind farms: Horns Rev, Denmark www.hornsrev.dk

35. Renewable ocean energy Massachusetts wind farm sites

37. Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Dec. 17, 2004 Enhancing Leadership and Coordination Advancing ocean research and observations Improving natural resource use and conservation Assisting coast and watershed management Supporting marine transportation Advancing international ocean science and policy

39. Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Supporting Regional Collaborations Great Lakes Interagency Collaboration Regional Partnership in the Gulf of Mexico Regional Aquatic Resource Partnership for the Southeast of US

40. Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Resource Management Actions Promote market based systems in fisheries Foster balanced representation on fish councils Establish guidelines for use of science in fisheries Implement coral reef local action strategies Propose offshore aquaculture legislation Better integrate the existing network of marine managed areas Support offshore energy development

41. Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Coast and Watershed Management Advance watershed conservation through the Farm Bill Conserve and restore coastal habitat Prevent the spread of invasive species Reduce coastal water pollution Reduce airborne pollution of coastal waters

42. Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Ocean Research and Observations Develop ocean research priorities plan Build global earth observation network Deploy new research and survey platforms Develop national water quality monitoring network Coordinate ocean and coastal mapping Implement oceans, human health, hypoxia act Promote lifelong ocean education

43. Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan International Ocean Policy and Science Accede to UN Convention on the Law of the Sea Strengthen implementation of London Convention Reduce land-based sources of marine pollution Approve ratification of MARPOL amendments on pollution from marine engines Use large marine ecosystems concept in international context Link global earth observation system with the global marine assessment

44. Bush Administration Ocean Action Plan Make ICMTS Cabinet Level Implement Freight Action Agenda Assess Short Sea Shipping Update water level observation network near seaports Launch Federal Clean Marina Challenge Decrease Vessel Air Emissions Supporting Marine Transportation

45. Congressional Initiatives - 2003-04 NOAA Organic Legislation Ocean and Coastal Policy Ocean Exploration Ocean Mapping Oceans and Human Health Marine Debris Reduction Ocean and Coastal Observations Coast and Estuarine Land Protection Ocean Research Coordination

46. Coastal State and BC Initiatives California Ocean Action Plan and Ocean Protection Council Oregon Ocean Policy Advisory Council Canada Ocean Strategy; Cdn-BC Implementation MOU Hawaii Ocean and Coastal Council Washington: Proposed Ocean Policy Review Commission

47. An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century

48. Washington State Situation History of ocean policy legislation Oceanographic Commission of Washington/Oceanographic Institute of Washington (1968 - 1981) Ocean Resources Management Act (1989)

49. Washington State Situation Multiple Leading Authorities at state level Department of Ecology Department of Natural Resources Department of Fish and Wildlife Multiple Tribal authorities

50. Washington State Situation Extensive Federal Presence DOD (Navy, USACOE), DHS (USCG, CBP) Interior (Forests, Parks, Water, Wildlife, OCS) Commerce (NOAA - Fisheries, Weather) EPA (Water and Air quality, waste, clean-up) DOT (Highways, rail, maritime, intermodal)

51. Washington State Situation Local and sub-state interests Local governments (GMA, SMA) Port Districts Sub-state special authorities (RPC, watershed councils, PSAT, NW Straits…)

52. Washington State Situation Emerging marine technologies and development/environmental trends Renewable ocean energy projects Fisheries enhancement and mariculture Ocean science and monitoring Marine Biotech and human health protection Climate change and variability effects Marine transit and short sea shipping

53. Washington State Situation Salmon recovery planning and implementation Recovery planning in five state regions and multiple watersheds Linking watersheds to estuaries, marine waters and ocean Recover salmon runs and protect watershed economies

54. Washington State Situation Links to Oregon and British Columbia Oregon: coordination on erosion, dredging, fisheries, research and ocean observing/monitoring systems British Columbia: coordination on water quality, habitat improvement, research, marine reserves, shipping safety

55. S. 5278 - Ocean Policy Review Commission Modeled after US Commission Gets the dialogue started Take a fresh and independent look Build capacity to better assert state interests Provide sufficient funds for an independent review

56. Thank you The Project on Ocean Governance School of Marine Affairs University of Washington